Abstract
The sustainable development is generally proposed or explained as a development strategy or international program of action. Is there a theoretical basis for the development strategy or the program of action? If there is, what is the theoretical foundation and system? Many scholars have discussed this problem in the recent two or three decades, particularly the most recent decade, and proposed different points of view including the environmental determinism, population-oriented theory, and the growth mode transformation-centered theory. However, due to limited quantity and depth, these researches are only considered as the basis for empirical study. The study on the theory of sustainable development lags behind the practical situation and is required to deepen.
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Notes
- 1.
Data source: China Statistical Yearbook 1994, China Statistical Publishing House, 1994, P59 and P345.
- 2.
Domestic and foreign estimations on China’s surplus agricultural labors vary from 100 to 200 million. China Agenda 21 estimates it as more than 100 million, which will reach about 200 million by 2000.
- 3.
Data source: China Statistical Yearbook 1994, P26.
- 4.
Refer to Tian Xueyuan [17]. The formula is \( C=\frac{U{y}_1+H{y}_2+M{y}_3+L{y}_4+I{y}_5}{U+H+M+L+I} \). U, H, M, L, and I here respectively refer to the population having received education of university, high school, middle school, illiterate, and semi-illiterate, while y 1, y 2, y 3, y 4, and y 5 respectively refer to the educational years they have received, which are respectively 16, 11, 8, 4, and 0.25 year in this formula.
- 5.
Data source: United Nations [14].
- 6.
Data source: “The Population and Employment of China in 2000”, Collectives of Tian Xueyuan, China Economic Publishing House, 1991, P285–286.
- 7.
Data source: “Data on the Sampled Investigation on the Elderly Population Aged Above 60 in China in 1987”, Chinese Journal of Population Sciences, supplementary issue (1), 1988, P264–267.
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Tian, X. (2014). Population and Sustainable Development. In: The Hope of the Country with a Large Population. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-40832-8_5
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-40832-8_5
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