Abstract
Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is the method of choice for the preoperative and posttreatment staging of musculoskeletal tumors. In addition, MR imaging offers several advantages when compared with other methods in the evaluation and staging of soft tissue tumors considering high resolution, tissue contrast, and multiplanar capability.
Advanced MR imaging techniques, for example, diffusion-weighted imaging, dynamic contrast-enhanced imaging, proton MR spectroscopy (MRS), and inphase/opposed-phase imaging, can be used together with conventional images to improve diagnostic accuracy and to evaluate response to treatment.
The aim of this chapter is to discuss the role of advanced MRI techniques in the workup of detection and characterization of MSK tumors and analyze response to treatment.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Similar content being viewed by others
Abbreviations
- ADC:
-
Apparent diffusion coefficient
- Cho:
-
Choline
- CT:
-
Computed tomography
- DWI:
-
Diffusion-weighted imaging
- GCT:
-
Giant cell tumor
- MRI:
-
Magnetic resonance imaging
- MRS:
-
Magnetic resonance spectroscopy
- MSK:
-
Musculoskeletal
- ROI:
-
Region of interest
- SRBC:
-
Small round blue cell
- WHO:
-
World Health Organization
References
Costa FM, et al. Advanced magnetic resonance imaging techniques in the evaluation of musculoskeletal tumors. Radiol Clin North Am. 2011;49(6):1325–58, vii–viii.
Calleja M, et al. MRI of superficial soft tissue masses: analysis of features useful in distinguishing between benign and malignant lesions. Skeletal Radiol. 2012;41(12):1517–24.
Costa FM, et al. Diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging for the evaluation of musculoskeletal tumors. Magn Reson Imaging Clin N Am. 2011;19(1):159–80.
Dinauer PA, et al. Pathologic and MR imaging features of benign fibrous soft-tissue tumors in adults. Radiographics. 2007;27(1):173–87.
Lee JC, et al. Aggressive fibromatosis: MRI features with pathologic correlation. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 2006;186(1):247–54.
Kransdorf MJ, Murphey MD. Imaging of soft tissue tumors. In: Mc Allister L, Barrett K, editors. Imaging of soft tissue tumors. Philadelphia: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins; 2006. p. 38–79.
Harish S, et al. MR imaging of skeletal soft tissue infection: utility of diffusion-weighted imaging in detecting abscess formation. Skeletal Radiol. 2011;40(3):285–94.
Oka K, et al. Ability of diffusion-weighted imaging for the differential diagnosis between chronic expanding hematomas and malignant soft tissue tumors. J Magn Reson Imaging. 2008;28(5):1195–200.
Verstraete KL, et al. Benign and malignant musculoskeletal lesions: dynamic contrast-enhanced MR imaging–parametric “first-pass” images depict tissue vascularization and perfusion. Radiology. 1994;192(3):835–43.
Verstraete KL, Lang P. Bone and soft tissue tumors: the role of contrast agents for MR imaging. Eur J Radiol. 2000;34(3):229–46.
Maeda M, et al. Soft-tissue tumors evaluated by line-scan diffusion-weighted imaging: influence of myxoid matrix on the apparent diffusion coefficient. J Magn Reson Imaging. 2007;25(6):1199–204.
Nagata S, et al. Usefulness of diffusion-weighted MRI in differentiating benign from malignant musculoskeletal tumors. Nippon Igaku Hoshasen Gakkai Zasshi. 2005;65(1):30–6.
Nagata S, et al. Diffusion-weighted imaging of soft tissue tumors: usefulness of the apparent diffusion coefficient for differential diagnosis. Radiat Med. 2008;26(5):287–95.
van Rijswijk CS, et al. Diffusion-weighted MRI in the characterization of soft-tissue tumors. J Magn Reson Imaging. 2002;15(3):302–7.
Sundaram M, et al. Myxoid liposarcoma: magnetic resonance imaging appearances with clinical and histological correlation. Skeletal Radiol. 1990;19(5):359–62.
O’Keeffe F, et al. Radiological features of extraskeletal Ewing sarcoma. Br J Radiol. 1990;63(750):456–60.
Bracke P, et al. Soft tissue lymphoma. In: De Schepper AM, Vanhoenacker F, Gielen J, Parizel PM, editors. Imaging of soft tissue tumors. 3rd ed. Berlin: Springer; 2006. p. 462–9.
Laffan EE, et al. Pediatric soft-tissue tumors and pseudotumors: MR imaging features with pathologic correlation: part 2. Tumors of fibroblastic/myofibroblastic, so-called fibrohistiocytic, muscular, lymphomatous, neurogenic, hair matrix, and uncertain origin. Radiographics. 2009;29(4):e36.
Doganay S, et al. The role of MRS in the differentiation of benign and malignant soft tissue and bone tumors. Eur J Radiol. 2011;79(2):e33–7.
Wang CK, et al. Characterization of bone and soft-tissue tumors with in vivo 1H MR spectroscopy: initial results. Radiology. 2004;232(2):599–605.
Guo AC, et al. Lymphomas and high-grade astrocytomas: comparison of water diffusibility and histologic characteristics. Radiology. 2002;224(1):177–83.
Nakayama T, et al. Usefulness of the calculated apparent diffusion coefficient value in the differential diagnosis of retroperitoneal masses. J Magn Reson Imaging. 2004;20(4):735–42.
Toh CH, et al. Primary cerebral lymphoma and glioblastoma multiforme: differences in diffusion characteristics evaluated with diffusion tensor imaging. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol. 2008;29(3):471–5.
Fletcher BD, et al. Pediatric musculoskeletal tumors: use of dynamic, contrast-enhanced MR imaging to monitor response to chemotherapy. Radiology. 1992;184(1):243–8.
Fayad LM, et al. Musculoskeletal tumors: how to use anatomic, functional, and metabolic MR techniques. Radiology. 2012;265(2):340–56.
Padhani AR, Khan AA. Diffusion-weighted (DW) and dynamic contrast-enhanced (DCE) magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) for monitoring anticancer therapy. Target Oncol. 2010;5(1):39–52.
Roth Y, et al. High-b-value diffusion-weighted MR imaging for pretreatment prediction and early monitoring of tumor response to therapy in mice. Radiology. 2004;232(3):685–92.
Thoeny HC, et al. Diffusion-weighted MR imaging in monitoring the effect of a vascular targeting agent on rhabdomyosarcoma in rats. Radiology. 2005;234(3):756–64.
Padhani AR, et al. Diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging as a cancer biomarker: consensus and recommendations. Neoplasia. 2009;11(2):102–25.
Kwee TC, et al. Cancer imaging: novel concepts in clinical magnetic resonance imaging. J Intern Med. 2010;268(2):120–32.
Koh DM, et al. Practical aspects of assessing tumors using clinical diffusion-weighted imaging in the body. Magn Reson Med Sci. 2007;6(4):211–24.
Moffat BA, et al. Diffusion imaging for evaluation of tumor therapies in preclinical animal models. MAGMA. 2004;17(3–6):249–59.
Dudeck O, et al. Diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging allows monitoring of anticancer treatment effects in patients with soft-tissue sarcomas. J Magn Reson Imaging. 2008;27(5):1109–13.
Hayashida Y, et al. Monitoring therapeutic responses of primary bone tumors by diffusion-weighted image: initial results. Eur Radiol. 2006;16(12):2637–43.
Uhl M, et al. Osteosarcoma: preliminary results of in vivo assessment of tumor necrosis after chemotherapy with diffusion- and perfusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging. Invest Radiol. 2006;41(8):618–23.
Baur A, et al. Diffusion-weighted imaging of tumor recurrences and posttherapeutical soft-tissue changes in humans. Eur Radiol. 2001;11(5):828–33.
Bley TA, et al. Diffusion-weighted MR imaging in musculoskeletal radiology: applications in trauma, tumors, and inflammation. Magn Reson Imaging Clin N Am. 2009;17(2):263–75.
Roberge D, et al. Radiological and pathological response following pre-operative radiotherapy for soft-tissue sarcoma. Radiother Oncol. 2010;97(3):404–7.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2014 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Costa, F., Canella, C., Martins, P.H., Mendonça, S. (2014). Advanced MRI Techniques of Soft Tissue Tumors. In: Luna, A., Vilanova, J., Hygino Da Cruz Jr., L., Rossi, S. (eds) Functional Imaging in Oncology. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-40582-2_32
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-40582-2_32
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg
Print ISBN: 978-3-642-40581-5
Online ISBN: 978-3-642-40582-2
eBook Packages: MedicineMedicine (R0)