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Esophagus, Stomach, and Small Bowel Malignancies

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Functional Imaging in Oncology

Abstract

In this chapter we try to synthesize the emerging role of functional imaging techniques in esophagic and gastric tumors as well as in small bowel malignancies. In relation to small bowel malignancies, we focused on gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GIST) and carcinoid tumors. Positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT) represents an essential nuclear medicine technique showing superiority against conventional diagnostic imaging methods in the detection of lymphatic and distant metastases, detection of recurrences, and evaluation of tumor response to different treatments in these tumors. We mainly give attention to the most common PET radiotracer (18F-FDG), but other new PET radiotracers are also mentioned such as 68Ga-labeled somatostatin analogs (DOTA-TOC, DOTA-TATE, and DOTA-NOC) that are basically used in the evaluation of carcinoid tumors.

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Abbreviations

18F-FDG:

2-[18F] fluoro-2-deoxy-D-glucose

5-HIAA:

5-Hydroxyindoleacetic acid

ACC:

Adenocarcinoma

ADC:

Apparent diffusion coefficient

AJCC:

American Joint Committee on Cancer

APUD:

Amine precursor uptake and decarboxylation

ATP:

Adenosine triphosphate

CT:

Computed tomography

DOTATATE:

177Lu-DOTA-Tyr3-octreotate

DOTATOC:

90Y-DOTA-Tyr3-octreotide

DW:

Diffusion weighted

EORTC:

European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer

EUS:

Endoscopic ultrasound

FDG:

Fluorodeoxyglucose

FLT3:

Fms-like tyrosine kinase 3

FNAB:

Fine-needle aspiration biopsy

GIST:

Gastrointestinal stromal tumors

HTP:

11C 5-Hydroxytryptophan

M:

Metastases

MIBG:

123I-Meatoiodobenzylguanidine

MRI:

Magnetic resonance imaging

MUNICON:

Study

N:

Lymph nodes

NCCN:

National Comprehensive Cancer Network

PDGFRA:

Platelet derived growth factor receptor alpha

PDGFRs:

Platelet derived growth factor receptor

PERCIST:

PET response criteria in solid tumors

PET:

Positron emission tomography

PET/CT:

Positron emission tomography-computed tomography

RECIST:

Response evaluation criteria in solid tumors

SCC:

Squamous cell carcinoma

SRS:

Somatostatin receptor scintigraphy

SSTR:

Somatostatin receptors

SUV:

Standardized uptake value

TKI:

Tyrosine kinase inhibitor

TNM:

System

UICC:

Union for International Cancer Control

VEGFT:

Vascular endothelial growth factor

WHO:

World Health Organization

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Nuclear Medicine Department, Clinico San Carlos Hospital, C/Prof. Martin Lago s/n, Madrid, 28040, Spain

    Cristina Rodríguez Rey MD & Aída Ortega Candil MD

  2. Radiodiagnostic Imaging Department, Clinico San Carlos Hospital, C/Prof. Martin Lago s/n, Madrid, 28040, Spain

    Ramiro Jesús Méndez Fernández MD

Authors
  1. Cristina Rodríguez Rey MD
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  2. Aída Ortega Candil MD
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  3. Ramiro Jesús Méndez Fernández MD
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Corresponding author

Correspondence to Cristina Rodríguez Rey MD .

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Editors and Affiliations

  1. Health Time Group, Jaén, Spain

    Antonio Luna

  2. Clinica Girona Hospital Sta. Caterina, Gerona, Spain

    Joan C. Vilanova

  3. CDPI and IRM, Botafongo - Rio de Janeiro/RJ, Brazil

    L. Celso Hygino Da Cruz Jr.

  4. Centro de Diagnóstico Dr. Enrique Rossi, Buenos Aires, Argentina

    Santiago E. Rossi

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Rey, C.R., Candil, A.O., Fernández, R.J.M. (2014). Esophagus, Stomach, and Small Bowel Malignancies. In: Luna, A., Vilanova, J., Hygino Da Cruz Jr., L., Rossi, S. (eds) Functional Imaging in Oncology. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-40582-2_14

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-40582-2_14

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