Differential Diagnosis in Adults

Abstract

The different tissue types within the orbit and the variety of diseases leading to similar external signs can confound the diagnosis of an orbital neoplasm. The orbit contains all of the vital anterior visual pathway structures and the supporting elements that move and nurture the globe. Vital structures surround the orbit, such as the anterior and middle cranial fossae, the paranasal sinuses, and high-flow vessels, including branches of the internal and external carotid arteries and the internal carotid artery itself. This astonishing variety and density of important tissues within and around the orbit can challenge even the experienced surgeon to determine the appropriate diagnostic and surgical plan. In order to treat orbital neoplasia, the surgeon must first understand orbital anatomy and then understand the spectrum of diseases that may affect the structures within the orbit.