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Abnormalities in Reward Processing in Drug Addiction: Lessons from Neuropsychology and Neuroimaging Studies

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PET and SPECT in Psychiatry

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Abstract

Drug addiction is characterized by compulsive drug use despite detrimental consequences to the individual’s functioning as associated with increased salience attributed to the drug and drug-related cues at the expense of nondrug-related reinforcers. Underlying mechanisms include neuroadaptations of the dopaminergic striato-prefrontal circuit to intermittent and chronic supraphysiological stimulation by drugs that increase reward thresholds and decrease sensitivity to reward. This chapter summarizes behavioral and neurobiological evidence for decreased valuation of nondrug reinforcers and cues in individuals with chronic drug use or addiction. It is recommended that future research directly compares between responses to drug and nondrug-related stimuli in addicted individuals. The goal is to devise novel strategies to normalize reward processing, thereby decreasing anhedonia and increasing the motivation to attain alternative nondrug reinforcers, in addicted individuals.

Notice: This manuscript has been authored by Brookhaven Science Associates, LLC under Contract No. DE-AC02-98CHI-886 with the U.S. Department of Energy. The United States Government retains, and the publisher, by accepting the article for publication, acknowledges, a world-wide license to publish or reproduce the published form of this manuscript, or allow others to do so, for the United States Government purposes.

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Time dedicated to working on this chapter was supported by grants from the National Institute on Drug Abuse (1R01DA023579).

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  1. Department of Psychiatry and Department of Neuroscience, Friedman Brain Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, The Leon and Norma Hess Center for Science and Medicine, 10th Floor 1470 Madison Ave, New York, NY, 10029, USA

    Rita Z. Goldstein

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Editors and Affiliations

  1. Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands

    Rudi A.J.O. Dierckx

  2. Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Information Technology, University of Applied Sciences Offenburg, Offenburg, Germany

    Andreas Otte

  3. Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands

    Erik F. J. de Vries

  4. Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands

    Aren van Waarde

  5. Department of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, University Medical Center Groningen (UMCG), Groningen, The Netherlands

    Johan A. den Boer

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Goldstein, R.Z. (2014). Abnormalities in Reward Processing in Drug Addiction: Lessons from Neuropsychology and Neuroimaging Studies. In: Dierckx, R., Otte, A., de Vries, E., van Waarde, A., den Boer, J. (eds) PET and SPECT in Psychiatry. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-40384-2_23

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