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Kidney and Urinary Tract Diseases in the Newborn pp 99–115Cite as

Electrolyte Disorders in the Newborn

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Abstract

Hyponatremia is defined as a serum sodium level <135 mEq/L [1]. It is one of the most common electrolyte disorders encountered in the newborn in both the outpatient and inpatient setting. The cause is usually easily identified by history, but in many cases, it can be elusive. Hyponatremia has typically been viewed as relatively benign condition, but there is increasing evidence in both children and adults suggesting that hyponatremia is a serious condition [2]. Numerous studies in adults have revealed that even mild and asymptomatic hyponatremia is an independent predictor of mortality [3]. Studies in neonates have revealed that hyponatremia is an independent predictor of poor neuromotor outcome and has been associated with impaired neonatal growth and development, sensorineural hearing loss, cerebral palsy, and intracranial hemorrhages [4, 5]. The most serious complication of hyponatremia is that of hyponatremic encephalopathy. Increasing evidence has revealed that the majority of hyponatremic encephalopathy in children is iatrogenic and related to errors in parenteral fluid therapy [6].

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Division of Nephrology, Children’s Hospital of Pittsburgh of UPMC, 4401 Penn Ave, Pittsburgh, PA, 15224, USA

    Michael L. Moritz MD

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  1. Michael L. Moritz MD
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Correspondence to Michael L. Moritz MD .

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Editors and Affiliations

  1. Division of Pediatric Nephrology, Hypertension and Renal Transplantation, Kentucky Children’s Hospital, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, USA

    Aftab S. Chishti

  2. Urogenital Center, Division of Pediatric Urology, Cincinnati Children’s Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA

    Shumyle Alam

  3. Division of Pediatrics, University of Kentucky Children's Hospital, Lexington, Kentucky, USA

    Stefan G. Kiessling

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Moritz, M.L. (2014). Electrolyte Disorders in the Newborn. In: Chishti, A., Alam, S., Kiessling, S. (eds) Kidney and Urinary Tract Diseases in the Newborn. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-39988-6_4

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-39988-6_4

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  • Online ISBN: 978-3-642-39988-6

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