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Chemical Signalling in the Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Symbiosis: Biotechnological Applications

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Symbiotic Endophytes

Part of the book series: Soil Biology ((SOILBIOL,volume 37))

Abstract

Plants are living organisms that continuously interact with other organisms both above- and belowground. The rhizosphere constitutes a very dynamic environment harbouring the plant roots and many organisms, including beneficial microorganisms such as arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi. The AM symbiosis is one of the best studied beneficial associations established between fungi of the phylum Glomeromycota and the vast majority of terrestrial plants, including most agricultural and horticultural crop species. Symbiosis establishment and functioning requires a signal exchange between the two partners that leads to mutual recognition and orchestrates complex symbiotic programmes. Plant–AM fungi communication relies on chemicals among which the strigolactones play a key role. Under deficient nutrient conditions, the host plant increases the production and exudation of strigolactones into the rhizosphere to promote fungal development, thus acting as a “cry for help” signal. On the other hand, the metabolically active fungus produces and releases the so-called Myc factors that induce the molecular responses in the host plant required for a successful colonization.

We review here current knowledge on the chemical signalling that gives rise to AM symbiosis establishment, paying special attention to the molecules involved in the very early stages of the interaction. Their potential use in sustainable agriculture is discussed.

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Acknowledgments

Our research is supported by grant AGL2009-07691 from the National R&D Plan of the MINCIN.

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  1. Department of Soil Microbiology and Symbiotic Systems, Estación Experimental del Zaidín (CSIC), Profesor Albareda 1, 18008, Granada, Spain

    Juan A. López-Ráez & María J. Pozo

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  1. Juan A. López-Ráez
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  2. María J. Pozo
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Correspondence to Juan A. López-Ráez .

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  1. Departamento de Microbiología del Suelo y Sistemas Simbióticos, Estación Experimental del Zaidín (CSIC), Granada, Spain

    Ricardo Aroca

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López-Ráez, J.A., Pozo, M.J. (2013). Chemical Signalling in the Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Symbiosis: Biotechnological Applications. In: Aroca, R. (eds) Symbiotic Endophytes. Soil Biology, vol 37. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-39317-4_11

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