Abstract
The regional impacts of global climate and socio-economic change will heavily influence the future balance of water availability (supply side) and water demand in the Metropolitan Region of Santiago de Chile (MRS). Reduced run-off in the Maipo-Mapocho river catchment coupled with natural precipitation variability will pose a major challenge for water resource management in the coming years. This chapter elaborates on an impact assessment for the year 2050, which combines two climate scenarios for the supply side with two explorative socio-economic scenarios for the demand side. While adaptive measures for water supplies also involve increasing water storage or recycling grey water in the urban area, adaptive options for water demand focus on upgrading water efficiency in both agriculture and private domestic households. In addition to technical aspects, institutional/policy-based matters and capacity development measures are considered.
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Notes
- 1.
Related to the precipitation rates at Quinta Normal station. Years with precipitation values between 200 and 400 mm are regarded as ‘normal years’, those above 400 mm as ‘wet years’, and below 200 mm as ‘dry years’.
- 2.
Synonym for downscaled climate scenario A2 for the time span 2045–2065.
- 3.
Synonym for downscaled climate scenario B1/B2 for the time span 2045–2065.
- 4.
Reservoirs like ‘El Yeso’ are crucial to the drinking water supply in the MRS, particularly in terms of dry months.
- 5.
‘Irrigation efficiency’ is defined as the relationship between the amount of water plants require for optimum growth and the amount of water brought to the field by irrigation (INE 2007).
- 6.
The INE (2007) defines efficiencies as follows: 75 % for sprinkler irrigation, 85 % for drip irrigation and 90 % for micro-irrigation.
- 7.
Three hundred households in 15 different communities were consulted between 4 and 27 June 2009. The survey was conducted with people over 18 years of age from different socio-economic backgrounds.
- 8.
Generally, grey water includes all household waste water with the exception of toilet and kitchen effluents.
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Lehn, H., Simon, L.M., Oertel, M. (2014). Climate Change Impacts on the Water Sector. In: Krellenberg, K., Hansjürgens, B. (eds) Climate Adaptation Santiago. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-39103-3_4
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