Skip to main content

Polysterene Layered Silicate Nanocomposites

  • Chapter
  • First Online:

Abstract

Polymer/layered silicate nanocomposites bring about an enhancement of many properties for polymers. They have attached considerable attention since they have the capacity to generate new polymer properties. The performance improvement greatly depended on the distribution and dispersion of layers of the silicates in the polymer matrix. This chapter aims to highlight on the recent developments in preparation and characterization of polystyrene/layered silicate nanocomposites, and also the effect of different parameters such as type of clay, clay modifiers, and preparation methods on final properties of polystyrene nanocomposites will be reviewed.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution.

Buying options

Chapter
USD   29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD   169.00
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD   219.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info
Hardcover Book
USD   219.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Learn about institutional subscriptions

References

  1. Hasegawa N, Okamoto H, Kawasumi M, Usuki A (1999) Preparation and mechanical properties of polystyrene–clay hybrids. J Appl Polym Sci 74:3359

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  2. Ishida H, Campbell S, Blackwell J (2000) General approach to nanocomposite preparation. Chem Mater 12:1260

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  3. LeBaron PC, Wang Z, Pinnavaia TJ (1999) Polymer-layered silicate nanocomposites: an overview. Appl Clay Sci 15:11

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  4. Limpanart S, Khunthon S, Taepaiboon P, Supaphol P, Srikhirin T, Udomkichdecha W, Boontongkong Y (2005) Effect of the surfactant coverage on the preparation of polystyrene–clay nanocomposites prepared by melt intercalation. Mater Lett 59:2292–2295

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  5. Yei DR, Kuo SW, Su YC, Chang FC (2004) Enhanced thermal properties of PS nanocomposites formed from inorganic POSS-treated montmorillonite. Polymer 45:2633–2640

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  6. Zheng X, Jiang DD, Wilkie CA (2006) Polystyrene nanocomposites based on an oligomerically-modified clay containing maleic anhydride. Polym Degrad Stab 91:108–113

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  7. Li H, Yu Y, Yang Y (2005) Synthesis of exfoliated polystyrene/montmorillonite nanocomposite by emulsion polymerization using a zwitterion as the clay modifier. Eur Polym J 41:2016–2022

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  8. Chigwada G, Wang D, Jiang DD, Wilkie CA (2006) Styrenic nanocomposites prepared using a novel biphenyl-containing modified clay. Polym Degrad Stab 91:755–762

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  9. Chigwada G, Jiang DD, Wilkie CA (2005) Polystyrene nanocomposites based on carbazole-containing surfactants. Thermochim Acta 436:113–121

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  10. Xie W, Hwu JM, Jiang GJ, Buthelezi TM, Pan WP (2003) A study of the effect of surfactants on the properties of polystyrene-montmorillonite nanocomposites. Polym Eng Sci 43(1):214

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  11. Chigwada G, Wang D, Wilkie CA (2006) Polystyrene nanocomposites based on quinolinium and pyridinium surfactants. Polym Degrad Stab 91:848–855

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  12. Bottino FA, Fabbri E, Fragala IL, Malandrino G, Orestano A, Pilati F, Pollicino A (2003) Polystyrene-clay nanocomposites prepared with polymerizable imidazolium surfactants. Macromol Rapid Commun 24:1079–1084

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  13. Arora A, Choudhary V, Sharma DK (2011) Effect of clay content and clay/surfactant on the mechanical, thermal and barrier properties of polystyrene/organoclay nanocomposites. J Polym Res 18:843–857

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  14. Wang D, Wilkie CA (2003) In-situ reactive blending to prepare polystyrene–clay and polypropylene–clay nanocomposites. Polym Degrad Stab 80:171–82

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  15. Chow WS, Ooi KH (2007) Effects of maleic anhydride grafted polystyrene on the flexural and morphological properties of polystyrene/organo-montmorillonite nanocomposites. Malaysian Polym J 1:1–9

    Google Scholar 

  16. Uthirakumar P, Kim CJ, Nahm KS, Hahn YB, Lee YS (2004) Preparation and characterization of new difunctional cationic radical initiator-montmorillonite hybrids. Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp 247:69

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  17. Chen TK, Tien YI, Wei KH (1999) Synthesis and characterization of novel segmented polyurethane/clay nanocomposite via poly(ε-caprolactone)/clay. J Polym Sci A Polym Chem 37:2225

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  18. Park JM, Jana SC (2003) Mechanism of exfoliation of nanoclay particles in epoxy − clay nanocomposites. Macromolecules 36:2758

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  19. Doh JG, Cho I (1998) Synthesis and properties of polystyrene-organoammonium montmorillonite hybrid. Polym Bull 41(5):511

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  20. Uthirakumar P, Hahn YB, Nahm KS, Lee YS (2005) Exfoliated high-impact polystyrene/MMT nanocomposites prepared using anchored cationic radical initiator–MMT hybrid. Eur Polym J 41:1582–1588

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  21. Greesh N, Sanderson R, Hartmann PC (2012) Preparation of polystyrene colloid particles armored by clay platelets via dispersion polymerization. Polymer 53:708–718

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  22. Fu HK, Kuo SW, Yeh DR, Chang FC (2008) Properties enhancement of PS nanocomposites through the POSS surfactants. J Nanomater

    Google Scholar 

  23. Jang BN, Wilkie CA (2005) The thermal degradation of polystyrene nanocomposite. Polymer 46:2933–2942

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  24. Mortezaei M, Navid Famili MH, Kokabi M (2011) The role of interfacial interactions on the glass-transition and viscoelastic properties of silica/polystyrene nanocomposite. Comp Sci Technol 71:1039–1045

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  25. Wang GH, Zhang LM (2007) Reinforcement in thermal and viscoelastic properties of polystyrene by in-situ incorporation of organophilic montmorillonite. Appl Clay Sci 38:17–22

    Article  Google Scholar 

  26. Nagi Greesh (2011) Preparation of polymer-clay nanocomposites via dispersion polymerization using tailor-made polymeric surface modifiers. Dissertation presented for the Degree of Doctor of philosophy. University of Stellenbosch

    Google Scholar 

  27. Jialanella G, Firer E, Piirma I (1992) J Polym Sci A Polym Chem 30:1925–1932

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  28. Bottino FA, Pasquale GD, Fabbri E, Orestano A, Pollicino A (2009) Influence of montmorillonite nano-dispersion on polystyrene photo-oxidation. Polym Degrad Stab 94:369–374

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  29. Burnside SD, Giannelis EP (1995) Synthesis and properties of new poly(dimethylsiloxane) nanocomposites. Chem Mater 7(9):1597

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  30. Fu X, Qutubuddin S (2001) Polymer–clay nanocomposites: exfoliation of organophilic montmorillonite nanolayers in polystyrene. Polymer 42:807

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  31. Huang X, Brittain WJ (2001) Synthesis and properties of new poly(dimethylsiloxane) nanocomposites. Macromolecules 34(10):3255

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  32. Zhong Y, Zhu Z, Wang SQ (2005) Synthesis and rheological properties of polystyrene/layered silicate nanocomposite. Polymer 46:3006–3013

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  33. Tseng CR, Wu JY, Lee HY, Chang FC (2002) Preparation and characterization of polystyrene–clay nanocomposites by free-radical polymerization. J Appl Polym Sci 85:1370–1377

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  34. Fu X, Qutubuddin S (2000) Synthesis of polystyrene–clay nanocomposites. Mater Lett 42:12–15

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  35. Dazhu C, Haiyang Y, Pingsheng H, Weian Z (2005) Rheological and extrusion behavior of intercalated high-impact polystyrene/organomontmorillonite nanocomposites. Comp Sci Technol 65:1593–1600

    Article  Google Scholar 

  36. Greesh N, Hartmann PC, Sanderson RD (2009) Preparation of polystyrene/clay nanocomposites by free-radical polymerization in dispersion. Macromol Mater Eng 294:787–794

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  37. Guillot S, Bergaya F, Azevedo C, Warmont F, Tranchant J (2009) Internally structured pickering emulsions stabilized by clay mineral particles. J Colloid Interface Sci 333:563–569

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  38. Qiu L, Chen W, Qu B (2005) Structural characterisation and thermal properties of exfoliated polystyrene/ZnAl layered double hydroxide nanocomposites prepared via solution intercalation. Polym Degrad Stab 87:433–440

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  39. Manzi-Nshuti C, Chen D, Su S, Wilkie CA (2009) Structure–property relationships of new polystyrene nanocomposites prepared from initiator-containing layered double hydroxides of zinc aluminum and magnesium aluminium. Polym Degrad Stab 94:1290–1297

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  40. Ding P, Qu B (2005) Synthesis and characterization of exfoliated polystyrene/ZnAl layered double hydroxide nanocomposite via emulsion polymerization. J Colloid Interface Sci 291:13–18

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  41. Qiu L, Qu B (2006) Preparation and characterization of surfactant-free polystyrene/layered double hydroxide exfoliated nanocomposite via soap-free emulsion polymerization. J Colloid Interface Sci 301:347–351

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  42. Lee J, Hong CK, Choe S, Shim SE (2007) Synthesis of polystyrene/silica composite particles by soap-free emulsion polymerization using positively charged colloidal silica. J Colloid Interface Sci 310:112–120

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  43. Sikka M, Cerini LN, Ghoch SS, Winey JKI (1996) Melt intercalation of polystyrene in layered silicates. Polym Sci B Polym Phys 34:1443

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  44. Vaia RA, Ishii H, Giannelis EP (1993) Synthesis and properties of two-dimensional nanostructures by direct intercalation of polymer melts in layered silicates. Chem Mater 5:1694

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  45. Vaia RA, Jandt KD, Kramer EJ, Giannelis EP (1996) Microstructural evolution of melt intercalated polymer − organically modified layered silicates nanocomposites. Chem Mater 8:2628

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  46. Yoon JT, Jo WH, Lee MS, Ko MB (2001) Effects of comonomers and shear on the melt intercalation of styrenics/clay nanocomposites. Polymer 42:329

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  47. Laus M, Camerani M, Lelli M, Sparnacci K, Sandrolini F (1998) Hybrid nanocomposites based on polystyrene and a reactive organophilic clay. J Mater Sci 33:2883

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  48. Okamoto M, Morita S, Taguchi H, Kim YH, Kotaka T, Tateyama H (2000) Synthesis and structure of smectic clay/poly(methyl methacrylate) and clay/polystyrene nanocomposites via in situ intercalative polymerization. Polymer 41:3887

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  49. Zeng C, Lee LJ (2001) Poly(methyl methacrylate) and polystyrene/clay nanocomposites prepared by in-situ polymerization. Macromol 34:4098–4103

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  50. Bottcher H, Hallensleben ML, Nuß S, Wurm H, Bauer J, Behrens PJ (2002) Mater Chem 12:1351

    Article  Google Scholar 

  51. Chen G, Liu S, Zhang S, Qi Z (2000) Self-assembly in a polystyrene/montmorillonite. Macromol Rapid Commun 21:746

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  52. Noh MW, Lee DC (1999) Synthesis and characterization of PS-clay nanocomposite by emulsion polymerization. Polym Bull 42:619

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  53. Chen G, Ma Y, Qi Z (2001) Preparation and morphological study of an exfoliated polystyrene/montmorillonite nanocomposite. Scr Mater 44:125

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  54. Qutubuddin S, Fu XA, Tajuddin Y (2002) Synthesis of polystyrene-clay nanocomposites via emulsion polymerization using a reactive surfactant. Polym Bull 48:143

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  55. Voulgrais D, Petridis D (2002) Emulsifying effect of dimethyldioctadecylammonium-hectorite in polystyrene/poly(ethyl methacrylate) blends. Polymer 43:2213

    Article  Google Scholar 

  56. Yang WT, Ko TH, Wang SC, Shih PI, Chang MJ, Jiang GJ (2008) Preparation of polystyrene/clay nanocomposite by suspension and emulsion polymerization. Polym Compos 29(4):409–414

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  57. Schütz MR, Kalo H, Lunkenbein T, Breu J, Wilkie CA (2011) Intumescent-like behavior of polystyrene synthetic clay nanocomposites. Polymer 52:3288–3294

    Article  Google Scholar 

  58. Bartholome C, Beyou E, Bourgeat-Lami E, Chaumont P, Zydowicz N (2005) Nitroxide-mediated polymerization of styrene initiated from the surface of fumed silica. Comparison of two synthetic routes. Polymer 46:8502–8510

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  59. Bartholome C, Beyou E, Bourgeat-Lami E, Cassagnau P, Chaumont P, David L, Zydowicz N (2005) Viscoelastic properties and morphological characterization of silica/polystyrene nanocomposites synthesized by nitroxide-mediated polymerization. Polymer 46:9965–9973

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  60. Shen J, Cao X, Lee LJ (2006) Synthesis and foaming of water expandable polystyrene clay nanocomposites. Polymer 47:6303–6310

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  61. Akbari A, Talebanfard S, Hassan A (2011) The effect of the structure of clay and clay modifier on polystyrene-clay nanocomposite morphology. J Polym Plast Technol Eng 49(14):1433–1444

    Article  Google Scholar 

  62. Tasdelen MA, Kreutzer J, Yagci Y (2010) In situ synthesis of polymer/clay nanocomposites by living and controlled/living polymerization. Macromol Chem Phys 211:279–285

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  63. Han X, Zeng C, Lee LJ, Tomasko DL, Koelling KW (2002) Polymer nanocomposite foams by using supercritical CO2. J Cell Plast 41(5):487–502

    Google Scholar 

  64. Guangming Chen, Suhuai Liu, Shijuan Chen, Zongneng Qi (2001) FTIR spectra, thermal properties, and dispersibility of a polystyrene/montmorillonite nanocomposite. Macromol Chem Phys 202(7):1189–1193

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  65. Chen-Rui Tseng, Hsin-Yi Lee, Feng-Chih Chang (2001) Crystallization kinetics and crystallization behavior of syndiotactic polystyrene/clay nanocomposites. J Polym Sci Pt B Polym Phys 39(17):2097–2107

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Abozar Akbari .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2014 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Akbari, A., Tehrani, M.A., Cherghibidsorkhi, H. (2014). Polysterene Layered Silicate Nanocomposites. In: Pandey, J., Reddy, K., Mohanty, A., Misra, M. (eds) Handbook of Polymernanocomposites. Processing, Performance and Application. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-38649-7_16

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-38649-7_16

  • Published:

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg

  • Print ISBN: 978-3-642-38648-0

  • Online ISBN: 978-3-642-38649-7

  • eBook Packages: Physics and AstronomyPhysics and Astronomy (R0)

Publish with us

Policies and ethics