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EU–US Cooperation to Enhance Arctic Marine Governance

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Arctic Marine Governance

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Abstract

Enhanced transatlantic cooperation can help leverage emerging opportunities to improve protection of the Arctic marine environment. Through both international and domestic action, the European Union (EU) and United States (US) can work together to promote environmental leadership and shape agendas and policy making. This chapter examines the shared objectives and interests of the EU and US in the marine Arctic. With this common ground in mind, the chapter examines areas of opportunity for addressing shortcomings in the international legal and policy framework of the marine Arctic through transatlantic action. The need to support a more integrated, ecosystem-based approach to governance is highlighted as a necessary way forward, although sector-based gaps and policy options for the areas of fisheries, shipping, and offshore hydrocarbon development are also considered. The role of indigenous peoples in Arctic decision making and governance is emphasized. Finally, the chapter considers the need for joint action in tackling Arctic governance’s greatest underlying challenge: climate change.

Based on: Best A. et al. (2009a, b).

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Notes

  1. 1.

    As of time of writing, March 2013.

  2. 2.

    In the discussions at the Narvik SAO meeting in 2007, Iceland expressed concerns that: “separate meetings of the five Arctic states, Denmark, Norway, US, Russia and Canada, on Arctic issues without the participation of the members of the Arctic Council, Sweden, Finland and Iceland, could create a new process that competes with the objectives of the Arctic Council. If issues of broad concern to all of the Arctic Council Member States, including the effect of climate change, shipping in the Arctic, etc. are to be discussed, Iceland requested that Denmark invite the other Arctic Council states to participate in the ministerial meeting. Permanent participants also requested to participate in the meeting. Denmark responded that the capacity of the venue may be an issue” (SAO 2007).

  3. 3.

    Similar sentiments were expressed in the ICC’s subsequent 2009 ‘Circumpolar Inuit Declaration on Sovereignty in the Arctic’ that referenced the previous statement and Ilulissat meeting (ICC 2009).

  4. 4.

    LMEs are used, among others, by the United Nations Environment Programme, United Nations Development Programme, the World Bank, the US National Oceanic and Atmospheric Association, and the Arctic Council.

  5. 5.

    See <http://www.pame.is/arctic-large-marine-ecosystems-lme-s>.

  6. 6.

    See <http://www.un.org/Depts/los/global_reporting/global_reporting.htm>.

  7. 7.

    See <http://www.un.org/Depts/los/general_assembly/general_assembly_resolutions.htm> for more UN Resolutions on sustainable fisheries.

  8. 8.

    Commission’s 2011 ‘Proposal for a Regulation on safety of offshore oil and gas prospection, exploration and production activities’ <http://eur-lex.europa.eu/LexUriServ/LexUriServ.do?uri=CELEX:52011PC0688:EN:NOT>.

  9. 9.

    Including use and discharge of drilling fluids and cuttings, discharges of oil in produced water, chemicals used and discharged offshore, and accidental spills of oil and chemicals and emissions to air.

  10. 10.

    At the time of writing. Draft agreement for signature on file with the authors.

  11. 11.

    See <http://www.arcticresponsetechnology.org/>.

  12. 12.

    See <http://www.arctic-council.org/arr/about/>.

  13. 13.

    Committing to achieve by 2020 a unilateral reduction in greenhouse gas emissions of at least 20 % from 1990 levels, a 20 % increase in renewable energy share in the EU’s energy supply, and a 20 % savings in energy consumption.

  14. 14.

    See <http://ec.europa.eu/clima/policies/transport/aviation/index_en.htm>.

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Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Ecologic Institute, Pfalzburger Strasse 43–44, 10717, Berlin, Germany

    Sandra Cavalieri

  2. Ecologic Institute, 1630 Connecticut Ave NW, Suite 300, 20009, Washington, D.C., USA

    Elizabeth Tedsen

Authors
  1. Elizabeth Tedsen
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  2. Sandra Cavalieri
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Correspondence to Sandra Cavalieri .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. Ecologic Institute EIUS, Washington D.C., Washington D.C., USA

    Elizabeth Tedsen

  2. Ecologic Institute, Berlin, Germany

    Sandra Cavalieri

  3. Ecologic Institute, Berlin, Germany

    R. Andreas Kraemer

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Tedsen, E., Cavalieri, S. (2014). EU–US Cooperation to Enhance Arctic Marine Governance. In: Tedsen, E., Cavalieri, S., Kraemer, R. (eds) Arctic Marine Governance. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-38595-7_11

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