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Advances in Nutrition and Cancer pp 207–223Cite as

Sulforaphane as a Promising Molecule for Fighting Cancer

Part of the Cancer Treatment and Research book series (CTAR,volume 159)

Abstract

Cancer is a complex disease characterized by multiple genetic and molecular alterations involving transformation, deregulation of apoptosis, proliferation, invasion, angiogenesis, and metastasis. To grow, invade, and metastasize, tumors need host components and primary dysfunction in the tumor microenvironment, in addition to cell dysfunction, can be crucial for carcinogenesis. A great variety of phytochemicals have been shown to be potentially capable of inhibiting and modulating several relevant targets simultaneously and is therefore non-specific. Because of the enormous biological diversity of cancer, this pleiotropism might constitute an advantage. Phytochemicals, in particular diet-derived compounds, have therefore been proposed and applied in clinical trials as cancer chemopreventive/chemotherapeutic agents. Sulforaphane (SFN) is an isothiocyanate found in cruciferous vegetables. SFN has proved to be an effective chemoprotective agent in cell culture, in carcinogen-induced and genetic animal cancer models, as well as in xenograft models of cancer. It promoted potent cytostatic and cytotoxic effects orchestrated by the modulation of different molecular targets. Cell vulnerability to SFN-mediated apoptosis was subject to regulation by cell-cycle-dependent mechanisms but was independent of a mutated p53 status. Moreover, combination of SFN with cytotoxic therapy potentiated the cytotoxic effect mediated by chemotherapy in vitro, thus suggesting its potential therapeutic benefit in clinical settings. Overall, SFN appears to be an effective and safe chemopreventive molecule and a promising tool to fight cancer.

Keywords

  • Sulforaphane
  • Isothiocyanates
  • Phase I and II enzymes
  • Angiogenesis
  • Metastatic process

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Abbreviations

SFN:

Sulforaphane

ITCs:

Isothiocyanates

CYP:

Cytochrome P450

GST:

Glutathione-S-transferase

UGT:

UDP-glucuronosyltransferase

NQO1:

NAD(P)H:quinone oxidoreductase 1

Keap 1:

Kelch-like ECH-associated protein 1

GSH:

Glutathione

HCA:

Heterocyclic amines

PhIP:

2-amino-1-methyl-6-phenylimidazo[4,5-b]pyridine

CDK:

Cyclin-dependent kinase

HDAC:

Histone deacetylase

VEGF:

Vascular endothelial growth factor

MMP:

Metalloprotease

Nrf2:

Nuclear factor (erythroid-derived 2)-like 2

Hif-1 α:

Hypoxia-inducible factor-1 α

HO-1:

Heme oxygenase-1

ARE:

Antioxidant response element

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Dipartimento di Scienze per la Qualità della Vita, University of Bologna, Via Corso dAugusto 237, 47921, Rimini, Italy

    Carmela Fimognari

  2. Dipartimento di Farmacia e Biotecnologie, University of Bologna, Via Belmeloro 6, 40126, Bologna, Italy

    Monia Lenzi & Patrizia Hrelia

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  1. Monia Lenzi
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  2. Carmela Fimognari
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  3. Patrizia Hrelia
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Correspondence to Patrizia Hrelia .

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Editors and Affiliations

  1. Dept. of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Second University of Naples, Naples, Italy

    Vincenzo Zappia

  2. Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Naples "Federico II", Naples, Italy

    Salvatore Panico

  3. Institute of Food Sciences National Research Council, Avellino, Italy

    Gian Luigi Russo

  4. Dept. of Experimental Oncology, National Cancer Institute, Naples, Italy

    Alfredo Budillon

  5. Dept. of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Second University of Naples, Naples, Italy

    Fulvio Della Ragione

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Lenzi, M., Fimognari, C., Hrelia, P. (2014). Sulforaphane as a Promising Molecule for Fighting Cancer. In: Zappia, V., Panico, S., Russo, G., Budillon, A., Della Ragione, F. (eds) Advances in Nutrition and Cancer. Cancer Treatment and Research, vol 159. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-38007-5_12

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