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Das Hormonsystem

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Zusammenfassung

Das Hormonsystem allgemein und seine Teilbereiche regulieren zusammen mit Cytokinen und anderen Signalmolekülen sowie mit dem Zentralnervensystem die wichtigen Funktionen des menschlichen Organismus: Reaktionen auf hohe Beanspruchung (Stress), Funktionen der Nahrungsaufnahme, Verdauung, Nahrungsspeicherung und des Stoffwechsels sowie der sexuellen Entwicklung, von Funktionen des Immunsystems und der Ausscheidung, Funktionen von Herz und Kreislauf – aber auch von zentralnervösen Leistungen wie Kognition und Gedächtnis. Altersabhängige Veränderungen in den Hormonkonzentrationen und/oder in der Sensitivität durch die Zahl ihrer Rezeptoren können daher zu gravierenden Störungen und Erkrankungen führen. Altern und Stressexposition haben ähnliche Wirkungen auf das Hormonsystem: eine Steigerung der Aktivität der Stresshormone und ihrer Herz-Kreislauf-Wirkungen und proinflammatorischen Effekte einerseits sowie eine Verminderung der somatotropen und gonadotropen Hormonsysteme und deren Wirkungen andererseits. Diese Ähnlichkeiten zwischen Altern und Stress haben ihre Gründe vermutlich in den Alterungsprozessen in allen Geweben, die Stressreaktionen auslösen und so durch Erhöhung der proinflammatorischen Cytokine das sogenannte Inflamm-aging bedingen. Eine gravierende Hormondysfunktion ist im Alter das Diabetes-Typ-2-Syndrom, das durch eine Insulinresistenz bestimmter Zellen (Leber-, Muskelzellen) charakterisiert ist. Später im Verlauf der Krankheit kommt der Verlust der insulinproduzierenden β-Zellen im Pankreas hinzu. Medikamentöse Therapien sind heute in der Lage, die Diabetessymptome zu verringern und den Blutzucker zu normalisieren.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Institut für Zellbiologie, Biochemie und Biotechnologie, Universität Bremen, Leobener Straße NW2, 28359, Bremen, Deutschland

    Ludger Rensing

  2. Zentrum für Humangenetik, Universität Bremen, Leobener Str. ZHG, 28359, Bremen, Deutschland

    Volkhard Rippe

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  1. Ludger Rensing
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  2. Volkhard Rippe
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Correspondence to Ludger Rensing .

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Rensing, L., Rippe, V. (2014). Das Hormonsystem. In: Altern. Springer Spektrum, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-37733-4_11

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