Abstract
Intermetallic clathrates are the representative of nano-cage structured material. A dimorphic clathrate \(\mathrm{Ba}_{8} \mathrm{Ga}_{16} \mathrm{Sn}_{30}\) possesses type-I and type-VIII structures. The type-I compound displays the glasslike thermal conductivity with a plateau at 4–12 K, which is ascribed to the strong interaction of acoustic phonons with the low-energy off-center rattling mode. In the type-VIII compound, the Ba guest is vibrating nearly on center of the distorted dodecahedron. Nevertheless, the thermal conductivity is as low as 0.7 W/Km for \(T>\) 300 K. The carrier type and its density in single crystals can be tuned by controlling the initial amount of flux, Ga or Sn. Further optimization of carrier density by alloying has led to high ZT of 1.0 and 1.45 for p- and n-type, respectively, at around 500 K, where the conventional materials based on Bi-Te and Pb-Te had a valley in ZT. By assembling p- and n-type legs made of \(\mathrm{Ba}_{8} \mathrm{Ga}_{16} \mathrm{Sn}_{30}\), a module was prepared with the segments of Bi-Te legs. The conversion efficiency reached 7.5 % at the temperature difference of 390 K.
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Acknowledgments
The author gratefully acknowledges D. Huo, M. A. Avila, K. Suekuni, S-K. Den, B. Du, and Y. Saiga for their fruitful collaboration in the study of thermoelectric clathrates. This work was supported by a NEDO grant no. 09002139-0 and Grant-in-Aid from Scientific Research from MEXT of Japan, grant no. 19051011 and no. 20102004.
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Takabatake, T. (2013). Nano-Cage Structured Materials: Clathrates. In: Koumoto, K., Mori, T. (eds) Thermoelectric Nanomaterials. Springer Series in Materials Science, vol 182. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-37537-8_2
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