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Crystal Structure

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Handbook of the Physics of Thin-Film Solar Cells

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Abstract

Symmetry and periodicity determines crystal structure. Crystal systems, Bravais lattices, crystal classes and point groups; space groups, are listed. Schönflies and Herman-Manguin identification. Crystallographic classification, point lattice, Miller Indices. Morphology of crystals. Reciprocal lattices and relevance. Wigner Seitz cell and Brillouin zones, typical examples are given. Extensive discussion of element, binary and ternary semiconductors. Superlattice structures and Brillouin zones, superlattice deposition. Intercalated compounds including typical properties are presented, organic superlattices with examples are discussed. Extensive discussion of amorphous structures, building blocks; relevance of coordination numbers and constraints. Quasi-crystals.

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Notes

  1. 1.

    A is the face spun between b and c, B between a and c, and C between a and b.

  2. 2.

    There are other modifications possible. For example, seven for Si, of which four are stable at room temperature and ambient pressure (see Landolt and Börnstein 1982a, 1982b; Landolt and Börnstein 1987). Only Si I and a-Si are included in this book. Si III is face-centered cubic and a semimetal; Si IV is hexagonal diamond and is a medium gap semiconductor (see Besson et al. 1987). Wurtzite lattice (CdS) are constructed from two intertwined hexagonal sublattices of Cd and S.

  3. 3.

    The surface of glasses, even at very high magnification, does not show any characteristic structure; after fracture, glasses show no preferred cleavage planes whatsoever.

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  1. University of Delaware, Naples, USA

    Karl W. Böer

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Böer, K.W. (2013). Crystal Structure. In: Handbook of the Physics of Thin-Film Solar Cells. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-36748-9_2

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