Abstract
In the course of normal development, cells rarely are able to revert from a differentiated state back to an embryonic state. However, techniques exist that allow this reversal to take place. In an experiment performed over 50 years ago, single cell nuclear transfer from somatic cells to enucleated eggs was able to yield successful development of cloned Xenopus laevis (Gurdon et al., Nature 182:64–65, 1958). Through somatic cell nuclear transfer (NT), several cell divisions occur before the onset of new gene transcription; moreover, new cell types and even organisms can be derived (Campbell et al., Nature 380:64–66, 1996). More recently, terminally differentiated cells could be induced to reprogram to a pluripotent, embryonic stem (ES) cell-like state via overexpression of a particular subset of transcription factors (TF) (Takahashi and Yamanaka, Cell 126:663–676, 2006). These induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cells can then be re-differentiated into various tissue types, including both somatic and germ cells. A possible advantage that somatic cell NT harbors over iPS is that factors present in the egg have been shown to directly remove silencing of genes via chromatin decondensation, removal of histone modifications, and activation of gene transcription prior to cell division. Therefore, an improved understanding of how the egg facilitates nuclear reprogramming by natural means may identify components that can be used for more efficient reprogramming by this and other means.
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Wang, S., Gurdon, J.B. (2013). Therapeutic Somatic Cell Reprogramming by Nuclear Transfer. In: Gage, F., Christen, Y. (eds) Programmed Cells from Basic Neuroscience to Therapy. Research and Perspectives in Neurosciences, vol 20. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-36648-2_2
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-36648-2_2
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