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Arthropod Endosymbiosis and Evolution

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Abstract

The association of “two species that live on or in one another” was first described in the nineteenth century, and the word symbiosis was proposed to denote this biological phenomenon (Sapp 1994). The discovery that lichens are organisms generated by the integration of a fungus and blue-green algae, that is, cyanobacteria, was followed by a number of other studies that have shown how the association of different species is widespread in nature and characterized by different degrees of benefit-sharing. Symbiosis encompasses both antagonistic relationships, in which one organism takes advantage of the other, and mutualistic relationships, where both partners gain advantage from their association. There are also cases where no clear benefit or harm is evident for both interacting species, which are then, in some cases, considered commensals. The term symbiosis applies to all these type of species associations, and not only to mutualism, as is sometimes erroneously done (Sapp 1994).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Entomology, University of Kentucky, S-225 Agricultural Science Center N, Lexington, KY, 40546-0091, USA

    Jennifer A. White

  2. Istituto per la Protezione delle Piante, CNR, Via Università 133, 80055, Portici, Naples, Italy

    Massimo Giorgini

  3. Department of Entomology, University of Georgia, 120 Cedar Street, 413 Biological Sciences Building, Athens, GA, 30602, USA

    Michael R. Strand

  4. Dipartimento di Agraria Laboratorio di Entomologia “E. Tremblay”, Università di Napoli “Federico II”, Via Università 100, 80055, Portici, Naples, Italy

    Francesco Pennacchio

Authors
  1. Jennifer A. White
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  2. Massimo Giorgini
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  3. Michael R. Strand
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  4. Francesco Pennacchio
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Correspondence to Francesco Pennacchio .

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Editors and Affiliations

  1. , Department of Biology, University of Padova, Via Ugo Bassi 58 B, Padova, 35131, Italy

    Alessandro Minelli

  2. , Zoology Department, Natural History Museum, London, SW7 5BD, United Kingdom

    Geoffrey Boxshall

  3. , Department of Biology, University of Padova, Via Ugo Bassi 58 B, Padova, 35131, Italy

    Giuseppe Fusco

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White, J.A., Giorgini, M., Strand, M.R., Pennacchio, F. (2013). Arthropod Endosymbiosis and Evolution. In: Minelli, A., Boxshall, G., Fusco, G. (eds) Arthropod Biology and Evolution. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-36160-9_17

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