Abstract
CNS infection is Maybe “CNS infections are a heterogenous…”? a heterogenous group of diseases, and most patterns of inflammatory reaction are nonspecific for making exact etiological diagnosis, although some of the characteristic clinical features and biological examinations can make a correct diagnosis, such as in the case of bacterial meningitis. Frequently, clinical features suggest intracranial infection, and neuroimaging provides accurate diagnosis. Inflammatory diseases of the CNS are also a heterogenous group of diseases frequently associated with immune-mediated responses manifesting as acquired demyelination. They cause a variety of neurological morbidities, either permanent or transient. Computed tomography (CT) and US are useful, but MRI is the most sensitive and valuable diagnostic tool as in other CNS disorders.
CNS infections, according to the pathogens and involved anatomic compartments and spectrums of inflammatory conditions, will be discussed with typical imaging features.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
References
Baskin HJ, Hedlund G. Neuroimaging of herpes virus infections in children. Pediatr Radiol. 2007;37:949–63.
Be NA, Kim KS, Bishai WR, Jain SK. Pathogenesis of central nervous system tuberculosis. Curr Mol Med. 2009;9:94–9.
Bien CG, Granata T, Antozzi C, et al. Pathogenesis, diagnosis and treatment of Rasmussen encephalitis. A European consensus statement. Brain. 2005;128:454–71.
Cartes-Zumelzu FW, Stavrou I, Castillo M, et al. Diffusion-weighted imaging in the assessment of brain abscess therapy. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol. 2004;25:1310–7.
Chong CY, Chan KP, et al. Hand, foot and mouth disease in Singapore: a comparison of fatal and non-fatal cases. Acta Paediatr. 2003;92:1163–9.
Dale R, de Sousa C, Chong WK, et al. Acute disseminated encephalomyelitis, multiphasic disseminated encephalomyelitis and multiple sclerosis in children. Brain. 2000;123:2407–22.
de Vries LS, Gunardi H, Barth PG, Bok LA, Verboon-Maciolek MA, Groenendaal F. The spectrum of cranial ultrasound and magnetic resonance imaging abnormalities in congenital cytomegalovirus infection. Neuropediatrics. 2004;35:113–9.
Enzmann DR, Britt RH, Placone R. Staging of human brain abscess by computed tomography. Radiology. 1983;146:703–8.
Fink KR, Thapa MM, Ishak GE, Pruthi S. Neuroimaging of pediatric central nervous system cytomegalovirus infection. Radiographics. 2010;30:1779–96.
Gutierrez J, Issacson RS, Koppel BS. Subacute sclerosing panencephalitis: an update. Dev Med Child Neurol. 2010;52:901–7.
Ho M, Chen ER, Hsu KH, et al. An epidemic of enterovirus 71 infection in Taiwan. N Eng J Med. 1999;341:929–35.
Jacob A, Weinshenker BG. An approach to the diagnosis of acute transverse myelitis. Semin Neurol. 2008;28:105–20.
Kim KS. Acute bacterial meningitis in infants and children. Lancet Infect Dis. 2010;10:32–42.
Knoblauch H, Tennstedt C, Brueck W, et al. Two brothers with findings resembling congenital intrauterine infection-like syndrome (pseudo-TORCH syndrome). Am J Med Genet. 2003;120:261–5.
Losurdo G, Giacchino R, Castagnola E, et al. Cerebrovascular disease and varicella in children. Brain Dev. 2006;28:366–70.
Mizuguchi M. Acute necrotizing encephalopathy of childhood: a novel form of acute encephalopathy prevalent in Japan and Taiwan. Brain Dev. 1997;19:81–92.
Mulkey SB, Glasier CM, Ei-Nabbout B, et al. Nerve root enhancement on spinal MRI in pediatric Guillain-Barré syndrome. Pediatr Neurol. 2010;43:263–9.
Nandhagopal R, Al-Asmi A, Gujjar AR. Neuromyelitis optica: an overview. Postgrad Med J. 2010;86:153–9.
Polin RA, Harris MC. Neonatal bacterial meningitis. Semin Neonatol. 2001;6:157–1762.
Popovich MJ, Arthur RH, Helmer E. CT of intracranial cryptococcosis. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol. 1990;11:139–42.
Singh P, Goraya JS, Gupta K, Saggar K, Ahluwalia A. Magnetic resonance imaging findings in Reye syndrome: case report and review of the literature. J Child Neurol. 2011;26:1009–14.
Ueno M, Oka A, Koeda T, Okamoto R, Takeshita K. Unilateral occlusion of the middle cerebral artery after varicella-zoster virus infection. Brain Dev. 2002;24:106–10.
Vinchon M, Joriot S, Jissendi-Tchofo P, Dhellemmes P. Postmeningitis subdural fluid collection in infants: changing pattern and indications for surgery. J Neurosurg. 2006;104:383–7.
Yikilmaz A, Taylor GA. Sonographic findings in bacterial meningitis in neonates and young infants. Pediatr Radiol. 2008;38:129–37.
Yiu EM, Kornberg AJ, Ryan MM, Coleman LT, Mackay MT. Acute transverse myelitis and acute disseminated encephalomyelitis in childhood: spectrum or separate entity? J Child Neurol. 2009;24:287–96.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2014 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Kim, IO. (2014). Infection and Inflammatory Diseases of the Central Nervous System. In: Kim, IO. (eds) Radiology Illustrated: Pediatric Radiology. Radiology Illustrated. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-35573-8_3
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-35573-8_3
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg
Print ISBN: 978-3-642-35572-1
Online ISBN: 978-3-642-35573-8
eBook Packages: MedicineMedicine (R0)