Abstract
Among the sections of the genus Boletus, the species belonging to the B. edulis complex have received the most attention because of their commercial importance. This chapter focuses on the state of the art in research pertaining to these ectomycorrhizal fungi, from a taxonomic to an ecological point of view. The availability of specific primers for this complex of species has allowed the unambiguous identification of B. edulis Bull.: Fr. sensu stricto, B. aereus Bull.: Fr., B. pinophilus Pilát & Dermek, and B. aestivalis (Paulet) Fr. and has represented a crucial point for the analysis of genetic structure in these fungi, as well as for the production of certified mycelia for long-term reforestation programs focused on increasing bolete production. Field studies show that large amounts of basidiomes result from abundant mycorrhizae and rare mycelia having a scattered distribution. Although the detection of mycorrhizae and extraradical mycelium is feasible at this time, no conclusions can be given yet on bolete population structure or on how they complete their life cycle in time and space. The scheduled sequencing of the B. edulis genome within the Fungal Genomics Program will open new perspectives and understanding on the biology and ecology of this mushroom.
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Acknowledgments
I would like to thank A. Vizzini for the critical reading of the manuscript. This research was supported by “Commessa Biodiversità”-CNR.
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Mello, A. (2012). State of the Art of the Research on Boletus edulis . In: Zambonelli, A., Bonito, G. (eds) Edible Ectomycorrhizal Mushrooms. Soil Biology, vol 34. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-33823-6_5
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