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Edible Ectomycorrhizal Mushrooms pp 335–353Cite as

Insects Parasitizing Edible Ectomycorrhizal Mushrooms

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Part of the book series: Soil Biology ((SOILBIOL,volume 34))

Abstract

Among the many interactions between fungi and insects, mycophagy has definitely the greatest impact on the commerce and human food consumption of edible ectomycorrhizal mushrooms (EEMMs). Arthropods belonging to different classes and especially to certain orders of insects feed on macromycetes, in particular on the fruiting bodies of many Aphyllophorales, which can persist in the environment for several months or years and are associated with a wider range of insect fauna. This study examines fungus–insect relationships with a focus on the interactions that are responsible for the presence of parasites in the EEMM designed for human consumption. Since many fungicolous arthropods are not strictly fungivorous, in addition to mycophagy, we also examine predation, cannibalism, and parasitism. The treatise of the principal taxa of parasite arthropods in EEMM, mainly insects belonging to the order Diptera and Coleoptera, is followed by a list of the commercially most important EEMM examined in relation to their propensity to be attacked by arthropods. After analyzing the behaviour of fungivorous arthropods during the various procedures of mushroom preservation (drying, freezing, brining, cooking), this study takes into consideration the entomofauna that lives in dried mushrooms (post-drying infestations). The final considerations are about the two methodological approaches for the evaluation of insect contamination in EEMM destined for human consumption (fresh, dried, or otherwise preserved): the macroscopic mushroom analysis and the parasitological analysis under stereomicroscope.

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Acknowledgments

The authors wish to thank Rosemary Worrall, Giulia Bencini, Davide Palumbo, Silvia Presi, Paolo Davoli, Alessio Barili, and Fabrizio Rigato for their kind and valuable collaboration.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Loc. Farné 32, 40042, Lizzano in Belvedere, BO, Italy

    Nicola Sitta

  2. University of Milan, Via Valle Aurina 7, 20152, Milano, Italy

    Luciano Süss

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  1. Nicola Sitta
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  2. Luciano Süss
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Correspondence to Nicola Sitta .

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Editors and Affiliations

  1. , Dipartimento di Scienze Agrarie, Universitá di Bologna, Via Fanin 46, Bologna, 40127, Italy

    Alessandra Zambonelli

  2. , Biology Department, Duke University, 130 Science Drive, Durham NC, 27708-0338, USA

    Gregory M Bonito

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Sitta, N., Süss, L. (2012). Insects Parasitizing Edible Ectomycorrhizal Mushrooms. In: Zambonelli, A., Bonito, G. (eds) Edible Ectomycorrhizal Mushrooms. Soil Biology, vol 34. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-33823-6_19

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