Abstract
This paper proposes an optimal energy management strategy for a range extended fuel cell city bus, which is powered by a Proton Exchange Membrane (PEM) fuel cell system and a Li-ion battery system. Targeting at minimizing the daily operating cost, the strategy is deduced based on the dynamic programming (DP) algorithm for a global optimized problem. The strategy is compared with several other strategies in simulating model, e.g. Charge Depleting and Charge Sustaining (CDCS) and two-stage linear blended strategies. The operating cost with the linear blended strategy is the lower than other two-stage linear blended strategies. The operating cost with the CDCS strategy is 1.3 % less than that of the linear blended strategy. The operating cost with the DP strategy is 10 % less than that of the linear blended strategy. The hydrogen cost occupies more than 95 % of the entire operating cost. To minimize the hydrogen consumption is the key to reduce the operating cost. With the DP strategy, the efficiency of fuel cell system is 58.7 %, compared to an average level of 53 % with other strategies. The battery efficiency influent the daily operating cost slightly. In order to apply the optimal strategy into a vehicle, the optimal State of Charge (SOC) trajectory curve is fitted with a nonlinear exponential formula. An iterative algorithm based on this formula is deduced, and can be applied to an embedded digital control unit.
F2012-B05-008
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Acknowledgment
Supported by the NSFC (National Natural Science Foundation) of China under the contract of No. 61004075, the MOST (Ministry of Science and Technology) of China under the contract of No. 2010DFA72760 and No. 2011AA11A269, and the Tsinghua University Initiative Scientific Research Program (Grand No. 2010THZ08) is greatly acknowledged.
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© 2013 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg
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Xu, L., Ouyang, M., Li, J., Yang, F., Lu, L. (2013). Optimal Battery Discharging Strategy for a Range Extended Fuel Cell City Bus. In: Proceedings of the FISITA 2012 World Automotive Congress. Lecture Notes in Electrical Engineering, vol 192. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-33741-3_13
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-33741-3_13
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