Abstract
Trust stands at the beginning of every meaningful interaction between members of any kind of community – be it in the real world or in a virtual one. But how could an application look like that helps to create or even foster the interpersonal trust of its users? We developed a game – Kokochi – with the goal to positively affect the interpersonal trust level of its players. We evaluated Kokochi in two case studies and compared the results with a control group that didn´t play the game. We could show that playing the game – featuring three unique game elements to enhance trust: disclosure of personal information (emotional statements), collaborations (face-to-face) and showing goodwill towards other players (virtual hugging) – resulted in an (significant) higher interpersonal trust level of the subjects after the game than they had before.
Keywords
- Emotion
- Trust
- Location-based gaming
- Collaboration
Download conference paper PDF
References
Anderson, I., Maitland, J., Sherwood, S., Barkhuus, L., Chalmers, M., Hall, M., Brown, B., Muller, H.: Shakra: Tracking and sharing daily activity levels with unaugmented mobile phones. Mob. Netw. Appl. 12(2-3), 185–199 (2007)
Berger, C.R., Calabrese, R.J.: Some Explorations in Initial Interaction and Beyond: Toward a Developmental Theory of Interpersonal Communication. Human Communication Research 1(2), 99–112 (1975)
Bell, M., Chalmers, M., Barkhuus, L., Hall, M., Sherwood, S., Tennent, P., Brown, B., Rowland, D., Benford, S., Capra, M., Hampshire, A.: Interweaving mobile games with everyday life. In: Grinter, R., Rodden, T., Aoki, P., Cutrell, E., Jeffries, R., Olson, G. (eds.) Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems (CHI 2006), pp. 417–426. ACM, New York (2006)
Bless, H., Fiedler, K.: Mood and the regulation of information processing and behavior. Affect in social thinking and behavior. In: Affect in Social Thinking and Behavior, pp. 65–84 (2006)
Blanchard, A.L., Markus, M.L.: The Experienced “Sense” of a Virtual Community: Characteristics and Processes. The DATA BASE for Advances in Information Systems 35(1), 65–79 (2004)
Castelfranchi, C., Falcone, R.: Principles of Trust for MAS: Cognitive Anatomy, Social Importance, and Quantification. In: Multi Agent Systems 1998, pp. 72–79 (1998) IEEE 0-8186-8500-X
Church, K., Hoggan, E., Oliver, N.: A study of mobile mood awareness and communication through MobiMood. In: NordiCHI 2010, pp. 128–137 (2010) ACM 978-1-60558-934-3
Carrigy, T., Naliuka, K., Paterson, N., Haahr, M.: Design and evaluation of player experience of a location-based mobile game. In: Proceedings of the 6th Nordic Conference on Human-Computer Interaction: Extending Boundaries (NordiCHI 2010), pp. 92–101. ACM, New York (2010)
Dellarocas, C.: The Digitization of Word of Mouth - Promise and Challenges of Online Feedback Mechanisms. Management Science 49(10), 1407–1424 (2003)
Golbeck, J.A.: Computing and Applying Trust in Web-Based Social Networks. PhD thesis. Faculty of the Graduate School of the University of Maryland (2005)
Golbeck, J.A.: Trust on the World Wide Web: A Survey. Foundations and Trends in Web Science 1(2), 131–197 (2006)
George, M.J., Brief, P.A.: Feeling Good-Doing Good: A Conceptual Analysis of the Mood at Work-Organizational Spontaneity Relationship. Psychological Bulletin 112(2), 310–329 (1992)
Golembiewski, R.T., McConkie, M.: The Centrality of Interpersonal Trust in Group Processes. In: Cooper, C.L. (ed.) Theories of Group Processes, ch. 7, pp. 131–185. Wiley (1975)
Goodchild, M.F.: Citizens as Voluntary Sensors: Spatial Data Infrastructure in the World of Web 2.0. International Journal of Spatial Data Infrastructures Research 2, 24–32 (2007) ISSN: 17250463
Jones, K.: Trust as an Affective Attitude. Ethics 107(1), S.4–S.25 (1996)
Johnson, W.L.: Serious Use of a Serious Game for Language Learning. Int. J. Artif. Intell. Ed. 20(2), 175–195 (2010)
Jegers, K.: Pervasive game flow: understanding player enjoyment in pervasive gaming. Comput. Entertain. 5(1), Article 9 (January 2007)
Jarvenpaa, S.L., Leidner, D.E.: Communication and Trust in Global Virtual Teams. Organization Science 10(6), 791–815 (1999)
Kramer, R.M.: Trust and Distrust in Organizations: Emerging Perspectives, Enduring Questions. Annu. Rev. Psychol. 50, 569–598 (1999)
Robert Jr., L., Denis, A., Hung, Y.-T.: Individual Swift Trust and Knowledge-Based Trust in Face-to-Face and Virtual Team Members. J. Manage. Inf. Syst. 26(2), 241–279 (2009)
Lount, R.B.: The impact of positive mood on trust in interpersonal and intergroup interactions. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 98(3), 420–433 (2010)
Marsh, S.P.: Formalising Trust as a Computational Concept. PhD thesis. University of Stirling, Stirling. Department of Computing Science and Mathematics (1994)
Matyas, S., Matyas, C., Mitarai, H., Kamata, M., Kiefer, P., Schlieder, C.: Designing Location-based Mobile Games – The CityExplorer Case Study. In: de Souza e Silva, A., Sutko, D.M. (eds.) Digital Cityscapes: Merging Digital and Urban Playspaces, vol. 6, pp. 187–203. Peter Lang Publishers, NY (2009) ISBN 978-1-4331-0532-6
Mayer, J.D., Gaschke, Y.N., Braverman, D.L., Evans, T.W.: Mood-Congruent Judgment Is a General Effect. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 63(1), 119–132 (1992)
Mueller, F., Stevens, G., Thorogood, A., O’Brien, S., Wulf, V.: Sports over a Distance. Personal Ubiquitous Comput. 11(8), 633–645 (2007)
Robinson, J.P., Wrightsman, L.S., Andrews, F.M.: Measures of personality and social psychological attitudes: Academic Pr. Inc. (Measures of Social Psychological Attitudes, 1) (1991)
Bernhaupt, R., Boldt, A., Mirlacher, T., Wilfinger, D., Tscheligi, M.: Using emotion in games: emotional flowers. In: Proceedings of the International Conference on Advances in Computer Entertainment Technology (ACE 2007), pp. 41–48. ACM, New York (2007)
Russell, J.A.: A circumplex model of affect. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 39(6), 1161–1178 (1980)
Virtanen, T., Malinen, S.: Supporting the Sense of Locality with Online Communities. In: MindTrek 2008, pp. 145–149 (2008) ACM 978-1-60558-197-2/08/10
von Ahn, L., Dabbish, L.: Designing games with a purpose. Commun. ACM 51(8), 58–67 (2008)
Yamagishi, M.: Trust and commitment in the United States and Japan. Motivation and Emotion 18(2), 129–166 (1994)
Yamagishi, T., Cook, K.S., Watabe, M.: Uncertainty, Trust, and Commitment Formation in the United States and Japan. Am. J. Sociol. 104(1), 165–194 (1998)
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2012 IFIP International Federation for Information Processing
About this paper
Cite this paper
Matyas, S., Kato, D., Shime, T., Kunieda, K., Yamada, K. (2012). Game-Based Trust. In: Herrlich, M., Malaka, R., Masuch, M. (eds) Entertainment Computing - ICEC 2012. ICEC 2012. Lecture Notes in Computer Science, vol 7522. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-33542-6_18
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-33542-6_18
Publisher Name: Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg
Print ISBN: 978-3-642-33541-9
Online ISBN: 978-3-642-33542-6
eBook Packages: Computer ScienceComputer Science (R0)
