Abstract
Software systems that rely on ad-hoc networks are becoming increasingly complex and increasingly prevalent. Some of these systems provide vital functionality to military operations, emergency services and disaster relief; such systems may have significant impact on the safety of people involved in those operations. It is therefore important that those networks support critical software requirements, including those for latency of packet transfer. If a network ceases to meet the software’s requirements (e.g. due to a link failure) then engineers must be able to understand it well enough to reconfigure the network and restore it to a requirement-satisfying state. Given a complex network, it is difficult for a human to do this under time pressure. In this paper we present a search-based tool which takes a network defined using the Network Description Language (NDL), annotated with a set of network-hosted applications and a set of latency requirements between each. We then evolve variants of the network configuration which meet the requirements and are robust to single link failures. We use network calculus tools to get a fast, conservative evaluation of whether a given network meets its requirements. We demonstrate that this approach is viable, designs networks much faster than a human engineer could, and is superior to a random generate-and-test approach.
Keywords
- network calculus
- systems of systems
- network enabled capability
- genetic algorithms
This is a preview of subscription content, access via your institution.
Buying options
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Learn about institutional subscriptionsPreview
Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.
References
Ali, S., Maciejewski, A.A., Siegel, H.J., Kim, K.J.: Robust resource allocation for sensor-actuator distributed computing systems. In: Proceedings of the International Conference on Parallel Processing (2004)
Avižienis, A., Laprie, J.C., Randell, B., Landwehr, C.E.: Basic concepts and taxonomy of dependable and secure computing. IEEE Transactions on Dependable and Secure Computing 1(1), 11–33 (2004)
Boudec, J.Y.L., Thiran, P.: A Theory of Deterministic Queuing Systems for the Internet. Springer (2011)
Boyer, M.: NC-Maude: A Rewriting Tool to Play with Network Calculus. In: Margaria, T., Steffen, B. (eds.) ISoLA 2010, Part I. LNCS, vol. 6415, pp. 137–151. Springer, Heidelberg (2010)
Charara, H., Scharbarg, J.L., Ermont, J., Fraboul, C.: Methods for bounding end-to-end delays on an AFDX network. In: 18th Euromicro Conference on Real-Time Systems (2006)
Cruz, R.L.: A calculus for network delay, part I: Network elements in isolation. IEEE Transactions on Information Theory 37(1), 114–131 (1991)
Cruz, R.L.: A calculus for network delay, part II: Network analysis. IEEE Transactions on Information Theory 37(1), 132–141 (1991)
Ducatelle, F., Gambardella, L.M., Kurant, M., Nguyen, H.X., Thiran, P.: Algorithms for Failure Protection in Large IP-over-fiber and Wireless Ad Hoc Networks. In: Kohlas, J., Meyer, B., Schiper, A. (eds.) Dependable Systems: Software, Computing, Networks. LNCS, vol. 4028, pp. 231–259. Springer, Heidelberg (2006)
Elia, A., Ferrarini, L., Veber, C.: Analysis of ethernet-based safe automation networks according to iec-61508. In: IEEE Conference on Emerging Technology in Factory Automation, Prague, Czech Republic (2006)
Georges, J.P., Divoux, T., Rondeau, E.: Network calculus: Application to switched real-time networking. In: 5th International ICST Conference on Performance Evaluation Methodologies and Tools, ValueTools (2011)
Georges, J.P., Krommenacker, N., Divoux, T., Rondeau, E.: A design process of switched ethernet architectures according to real-time application constraints. Engineering Applications of Artificial Intelligence 19, 335–344 (2006)
van der Ham, J., Grosso, P., van der Pol, R., Toonk, A., de Laat, C.T.A.M.: Using the network description language in optical networks. In: Integrated Network Management (2007)
Leu, G., Namatame, A.: Evolving Failure Resilience in Scale-Free Networks. In: Gen, M., Green, D., Katai, O., McKay, B., Namatame, A., Sarker, R.A., Zhang, B.-T. (eds.) Intelligent and Evolutionary Systems. SCI, vol. 187, pp. 49–59. Springer, Heidelberg (2009)
Newth, D., Ash, J.: Evolving cascading failure resilience in complex networks. In: Proceedings of the 8th Asia Pacific Symposium on Intelligent and Evolutionary Systems (2004)
Nunes, A., Laursen, T.: Identifying the factors that contributed to the Überlingen mid-air collision. In: Proceedings of the 48th Annual Chapter Meeting of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society (2004)
Scharbarg, J.L., Ridouard, F., Fraboul, C.: A probabilistic analysis of end-to-end delays on an AFDX avionic network. IEEE Transactions on Industrial Informatics 5(1), 38–48 (2009)
Schmitt, J.B., Zdarsky, F.A.: The DISCO network calculator. In: First International Conference on Performance Evaluation Methodologies and Tools (2006)
Sghairi, M., Aubert, J.J., Brot, P., de Bonneval, A., Crouzet, Y., Laarouchi, Y.: Distributed and reconfigurable architecture for flight control system. In: Digital Avionics Systems Conference (2009)
Sinnott, R.W.: Virtues of the haversine. Sky and Telescope 68(2), 159 (1984)
Skeie, T., Johannessen, S., Holmeide, O.: Timeliness of real-time IP communication in switched industial ethernet networks. IEEE Transactions on Industrial Informatics 2(1), 25–39 (2006)
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2012 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg
About this paper
Cite this paper
Aitken, J.M., Alexander, R., Kelly, T., Poulding, S. (2012). Evolving Robust Networks for Systems-of-Systems. In: Fraser, G., Teixeira de Souza, J. (eds) Search Based Software Engineering. SSBSE 2012. Lecture Notes in Computer Science, vol 7515. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-33119-0_4
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-33119-0_4
Publisher Name: Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg
Print ISBN: 978-3-642-33118-3
Online ISBN: 978-3-642-33119-0
eBook Packages: Computer ScienceComputer Science (R0)
