Abstract
Middleware has become a key element in the development of distributed Cyber Physical Systems (CPS). Such systems often have strict non-functional requirements, and designers need a means to predict and manage non-functional properties. In this work, the authors present a mathematical model for the most relevant resources managed by FTT middleware architectures; namely, (1) processor, (2) memory, (3) energy and (4) network. This model can be used both off-line for simulation and designing purposes of a Cyber Physical System (CPS), or in run-time within an admission test or inside the algorithm of a specific scheduling policy executed by the middleware. In such case, the admission test is aimed at predicting whether a system fulfils the non-functional requirements or not before carrying out any modification in its execution plan at run-time.
Keywords
- Middleware architectures
- Cyber-Physical Systems (CPS)
- Distributed Embedded Real-Time Systems
- Resource Modeling
- Admission Test
Download conference paper PDF
References
OMG, Object Management Group, Common Object Request Broker Architecture: Core Specification, Version, 3.0.3 (March 2004)
OMG, Object Management Group, Data Distribution Service for real-time systems, version 1.2 (2007)
Henning, M.: A new approach to object oriented middleware. IEEE Internet Computing 8(1), 66–75 (2004)
Maassen, J., van Nieuwpoort, R., Veldema, R., Bal, H., Kielmann, T., Jacobs, C., Hofman, R.: Efficient Java RMI for Parallel Programming. ACM Transactions on Programming Languages and Systems 23(6), 747–775 (2001)
Sadjadi, S.M., McKinley, P.K.: Transparent autonomization in CORBA Comput. Netw. 53(10), 1570–1586 (2009)
Zhang, Y., Lu, C., Gill, C., Lardieri, P., Thaker, G.: Middleware Support for Aperiodic Tasks in Distributed Real-Time Systems. In: Proceedings of the 13th IEEE Real Time and Embedded Technology and Applications Symposium, pp. 113–122. IEEE Computer Society (2007)
Sadasivam, S.G., Ravindranathan, G.R., Gopalinis, R., Suresh, S.: A Novel Real Time Scheduling Framework for CORBA-Based Applications Journal of Object Technology 5(2), 171–188 (2006)
Hoffert, J., Schmidt, D.C., Gokhale, A.S.: Adapting Distributed Real-Time and Embedded Pub/Sub Middleware for Cloud Computing Environments Middleware, 21–41 (2010)
Calvo, I., Almeida, L., Perez, F., Noguero, A., Marcos, M.: Supporting a reconfigurable real-time service-oriented middleware with FTT-CORBA. In: Proceedings of Emerging Technologies and Factory Automation (ETFA), 2010 IEEE Conference, pp. 1–8. IEEE Computer Society (2010)
FTT-CORBA project webpage, http://sourceforge.net/projects/fttcorba/
Basanta-Val, P., Estévez-Ayres, I., García-Valls, M., Almeida, L.: A Synchronous Scheduling Service for Distributed Real-Time Java. IEEE Transactions on Parallel and Distributed Systems 21(4), 506–519 (2010)
OMG, A UML Profile for MARTE: Modeling and Analysis of Real-Time Embedded systems, Version 1.0, OMG Adopted Specification: ptc/2009-11-02 (2009)
Liu, C.L., Layland, J.W.: Scheduling algorithms for multiprogramming in a hard real-time environment. Journal of the ACM 20(1), 40–61 (1973)
Noguero, A., Calvo, I.: FTT-Modeler: A support tool for FTT-CORBA. In: 7th Iberian Conference on Information Systems and Technologies CISTI 2012 (2012)
Rakhmatov, D., Vrudhula, S.: Energy Management for Battery-Powered Embedded Systems. ACM Transactions on Embedded Computing Systems 2(3), 277–324 (2003)
Rakhmatov, D., Vrudhula, S., Chakrabarti, C.: Battery-conscious task sequencing for portable devices including voltage/clock scaling. In: Proceedings of the 39th Annual Design Automation Conference, pp. 189–194. ACM (2002)
Panigrahi, D., Dey, S., Rao, R., Lahiri, K., Chiasserini, C., Raghunathan, A.: Battery Life Estimation of Mobile Embedded Systems. In: Proceedings of the The 14th International Conference on VLSI Design (VLSID 2001). IEEE Computer Society (2001)
Schmid, P., Roos, A.: AMD FX: Energy Efficiency Compared To Eight Other CPU (2011), http://www.tomshardware.com/reviews/fx-power-consumption-efficiency,3060-11.html
Tiwari, V., Malik, S., Wolfe, A.: Power analysis of embedded software: a first step towards software power minimization. In: Proceedings of the 1994 IEEE/ACM International Conference on Computer-Aided Design, pp. 384–390. IEEE Computer Society Press (1994)
Lee, E.A.: Cyber Physical Systems: Design Challenges. In: 11th IEEE Symp. Object Oriented Real-Time Distributed Computing (ISORC 2008), pp. 363–369 (2008)
Koubâa, A., Andersson, B.: A Vision of Cyber-Physical Internet. In: Proc. of the Workshop of Real-Time Networks (RTN 2009), Satellite Workshop to, ECRTS 2009 (July 2009)
Almeida, L., Pedreiras, P., Fonseca, J.A.G.: The FTT-CAN Protocol: Why and How. IEEE Trans. on Industrial Electronics (TIE) 49(6), 1189–1201 (2002)
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2012 IFIP International Federation for Information Processing
About this paper
Cite this paper
Noguero, A., Calvo, I., Almeida, L., Gangoiti, U. (2012). A Model for System Resources in Flexible Time-Triggered Middleware Architectures. In: Szabó, R., Vidács, A. (eds) Information and Communication Technologies. EUNICE 2012. Lecture Notes in Computer Science, vol 7479. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-32808-4_20
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-32808-4_20
Publisher Name: Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg
Print ISBN: 978-3-642-32807-7
Online ISBN: 978-3-642-32808-4
eBook Packages: Computer ScienceComputer Science (R0)
