Abstract
Clay minerals, abundant in soils and shales, are characterized by their distinct, nanoscale layered crystal structure that is known to result in anisotropic responses to loading. Owing to their tiny sizes, it is a significant challenge to determine their anisotropic properties. This paper presents a pioneering nanoindentation study to probe the anisotropy of a muscovite that was subjected to loading at directions both normal and parallel to the basal plane. The hardness, H, and indentation modulus, M, vary with loading directions. The load-displacement curves indicate remarkable difference during indentation loading and unloading, and the basal plane exhibits a stronger penetration resistance (i.e., H) than the edge, while the M in the direction perpendicular to the basal plane is smaller than that in the direction parallel to the basal plane. The anisotropic behavior is also interpreted along the mineral’s unique layered structure as well as the nanoscale deformation mechanisms.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Preview
Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.
References
Aleksandrov, K.S., Ryzhova, T.V.: Elastic properties of rock-forming minerals II. Bull Acad Scie USSR, Geophys. Ser. English Translation 12, 1165–1168 (1961)
Barsoum, M.W., Murugaiah, A., Kalidindi, S.R., Zhen, T.: Kinking Nonlinear Elastic Solids, Nanoindentations, and Geology. Phys. Rev. Lett. 92(25), 255508 (2004)
Bobko, C., Ulm, F.-J.: The nano-mechanical morphology of shale. Mech. Mater. 40(4-5), 318–337 (2008), doi:10.1016/j.mechmat.2007.09.006
Christoffersen, R., Kronenberg, A.K.: Dislocation interactions in experimentally deformed biotite. J. Struct. Geol. 15(9), 1077–1095 (1993)
Delafargue, A., Ulm, F.J.: Explicit approximations of the indentation modulus of elastically orthotropic solids for conical indenters. Int. J. Solids Struct. 41(26), 7351–7360 (2004), doi:10.1016/j.ijsolstr.2004.06.019
Elliott, H.A.: Axial symmetric stress distribution in aeolotropic hexagonal crystals-the problem of the plane and related problems. Proc. Camb. Phil. Soc. 45(4), 10 (1949)
Hanson, M.T.: The Elastic Field for Conical Indentation Including Sliding Friction for Transverse Isotropy. J. Appl. Mech. 59(2), 123–S130 (1992)
Mares, V., Kronenberg, A.: Experimental deformation of muscovite. J. Struct. Geol. 15(9), 1061–1075 (1993)
McNeil, L.E., Grimsditch, M.: Elastic moduli of muscovite mica. J. Phys. Condens Matter 5(11), 1681 (1993)
Oliver, W.C., Pharr, G.M.: Measurement of hardness and elastic modulus by instrumented indentation: Advances in understanding and refinements to methodology. J. Mater Res. 19(1), 3–20 (2004), doi:10.1557/jmr.2004.19.1.3
Sneddon, I.N.: The relation between load and penetration in the axisymmetric Boussinesq problem for a punch of arbitrary profile. Int. J. Eng. Sci. 3, 10 (1965)
Swadener, J.G., Pharr, G.M.: Indentation of elastically anisotropic half-spaces by cones and parabolae of revolution. Philos. Mag. A 81(2), 447–466 (2001), doi:10.1080/01418610108214314
Ulm, F.-J., Abousleiman, Y.: The nanogranular nature of shale. Act. Geo. 1(2), 77–88 (2006), doi:10.1007/s11440-006-0009-5
Vaughan, M.T., Guggenheim, S.: Elasticity of Muscovite and Its Relationship to Crystal Structure. J. Geophys. Res. 91(B5), 4657–4664 (1986), doi:10.1029/JB091iB05p04657
Vlassak, J.: Indentation modulus of elastically anisotropic half spaces. Philos. Mag. A 67(5), 1045–1056 (1993)
Vlassak, J.J., Ciavarella, M., Barber, J.R., Wang, X.: The indentation modulus of elastically anisotropic materials for indenters of arbitrary shape. J. Mech. Phys. Solids 51(9), 1701–1721 (2003), doi:10.1016/s0022-5096(03)00066-8
Wang, Z., Bei, H., George, E.P., Pharr, G.M.: Influences of surface preparation on nanoindentation pop-in in single-crystal Mo. Scripta Mater 65(6), 469–472 (2011), doi:10.1016/j.scriptamat.2011.05.030
Zhang, G., Wei, Z., Ferrell, R.E.: Elastic modulus and hardness of muscovite and rectorite determined by nanoindentation. Appl. Clay. Sci. 43(2), 271–281 (2009), doi:10.1016/j.clay.2008.08.010
Zhang, G., Wei, Z., Ferrell, R.E., Guggenheim, S., Cygan, R.T., Luo, J.: Evaluation of the elasticity normal to the basal plane of non-expandable 2:1 phyllosilicate minerals by nanoindentation. Am. Mineral 95(5-6), 863–869 (2010), doi:10.2138/am.2010.3398
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2013 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg
About this paper
Cite this paper
Pant, R., Hu, L., Zhang, G. (2013). Anisotropy of Mica Probed by Nanoindentation. In: Laloui, L., Ferrari, A. (eds) Multiphysical Testing of Soils and Shales. Springer Series in Geomechanics and Geoengineering. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-32492-5_30
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-32492-5_30
Publisher Name: Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg
Print ISBN: 978-3-642-32491-8
Online ISBN: 978-3-642-32492-5
eBook Packages: EngineeringEngineering (R0)