Skip to main content

Aligning Business Education with Ancient Chinese and Greek Philosophy: The Andrews University’s Leadership Program

  • Chapter
  • First Online:
Leadership through the Classics

Abstract

The Leadership Program at Andrews University is a 15-year experiment in graduate leadership education. It allows participants to create their own individualized course of studies to develop and demonstrate competency in specific areas associated with leadership. Undergirded by a philosophy that favors holistic learning by experience, the program embraces the paradoxical unity of theory and practice creating a rich environment for exchange of ideas, cultural values and perspectives, experiences and practices. A central feature of the program is the development and presentation of the 15 competency-based portfolio related to the every-day workplace of the participant. In this paper, dominant values and principles of ancient Chinese and Greek leadership philosophies were identified and compared with the Leadership program’s philosophical underpinnings and structure. The results indicate that the Program strongly reflects Chinese and Greek philosophical values, such as, self-cultivation and transformation through learning, reflection and practice, servant leadership, collectivism and love and inclusive care.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

eBook
USD 16.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 109.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info
Hardcover Book
USD 109.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

References

  • Aristotle. (1894). Ethica Nicomachea (Oxford Classical Texts). Midsomer Norton: Bookcraft.

    Google Scholar 

  • Barbuto, J. E., Jr., & Wheeler, D. W. (2006). Scale development and construct clarification of servant leadership. Group & Organization Management, 31(4), 300–326.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Baskin, K. (2007). Evert the twain shall meet. Chinese Management Studies, 1, 57–69.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Bourantas, D. (1988). Leadership styles, need satisfaction, and the organizational commitment of Greek managers. Scandinavian Journal of Management, 4(3/4), 121–134.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Brewer, M. B., & Chen, Y.-R. (2007). Where (who) are collectives in collectivism?: Toward conceptual clarification of individualism and collectivism. Psychological Review, 144(1), 133–151.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Chen, C.-C., & Lee, Y.-T. (2008). Introduction: the diversity and dynamism of Chinese philosophies on leadership. In C. C. Chen & Y. T. Lee (Eds.), Leadership and management in China (pp. 1–27). Cambridge: Cambridge Press.

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  • Cheung, C.-K., & Chan, A. C.-F. (2008). Benefits of Hong Kong Chinese CEO’s Confucian and Daoist leadership styles. Leadership & Organization Development Journal, 29(6), 474–503.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Donkin, R. (2003, Feb 27). Ancient Greeks bear gifts to management. Financial Times, p. 16.

    Google Scholar 

  • Fan, X. (1995). The Chinese cultural system: Implications for cross-cultural management. SAM Advanced Management Journal. http://www.allbusiness.com/business-planning-structures/html.

  • Fan, C., Huang, F., & Guo, X. (2008). A review of Chinese management pattern innovation. International Journal of Business and Management, 3, 83–87.

    Google Scholar 

  • Fernandez, J. A. (2004). The gentleman’s code of Confucius: Leadership by values. Organizational Dynamics, 33, 21–31.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Greenleaf, R. K. (1977). Servant leadership: a journey into the nature of legitimate power and greatness. New York: Paulist.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hean-Tatt, O. (1998). Two major qualities of Lung the great ruler. http://www.guiculture.com/ich313.html.

  • Hean-Tatt, O. (2000). Practical Confucian empowerment of men for organizational excellence. http://www.guiculture.com/wanas00b/html.

  • Ho, J., & Nesbit, P. L. (2009). A refinement and extension of the self-leadership scale for the Chinese context. Journal of Managerial Psychology, 24, 450–473.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Knoblock, J. (1998). Xunzi: A translation and study of the complete works (3 vols). Stanford: Stanford University Press. p. 241.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kolb, D. A. (1984). Experiential learning: Experience as the source of learning and development. Englewood Cliffs: Prentice-Hall.

    Google Scholar 

  • Korac-Kacabadse, N., Korac-Kacabadse, A., & Kouzmin, A. (2001). Leadership renewal: towards the philosophy of wisdom. International Review of Administrative Sciences, 67, 207–230.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Lee, Y.-T., Han, A.-G., Byron, T. K., & Fan, H.-X. (2008). Daoist leadership: Theory and application. In C. C. Chen & Y. T. Lee (Eds.), Leadership and management in China (pp. 83–107). Cambridge: Cambridge Press.

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  • Lin, C. (2008). Demystifying the chameleonic nature of Chinese leadership (Survey). Journal of Leadership & Organizational Studies, 14, 303–335.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Liu, J., & Mackinnon, A. (2002). Comparative management practices and training: China and Europe. Journal of Management Development, 21(2), 118–132.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Manville, B., & Ober, J. (2003). Beyond empowerment: building a company of citizens. Harvard Business Review, 68(4), 79–93.

    Google Scholar 

  • Manz, C. C. (1998). Leadership Wisdom of Jesus: Practical lessons for today. San Francisco: Berrett-Koehler.

    Google Scholar 

  • Ming, C.C. (2008). Taoism as a philosophy of leadership and corporate management . http://www.academyofsingaporeteachers.moe.gov.sg/ast/slot/u2597/docs/New_Dimensions_in_Humanities_Education__NIE_2008_Conference_.pdf.

  • Munro, D. (Ed.). (1985). Individualism and holism: Studies in Confucian and taoist values. Ann Arbor: University of Michigan.

    Google Scholar 

  • New World Encyclopedia. (a). Chinese Philosophy. http://www.newworldencyclopedia.org/entry/Chinese_philosophy.

  • Papalexandris, N. (1992). Human resource management in Greece. Employee Relations, 14(4), 38–52.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Parnell, J. A., Shwiff, S., Yalin, L., & Langford, H. (2003). American and Chinese entrepreneurial and managerial orientations: a management education perspective. International Journal of Management, 20(2), 125–137.

    Google Scholar 

  • Pashiardis, P. (2009). Educational leadership and management: Blending Greek philosophy, myth and current thinking. International Journal of Leadership in Education, 12(1), 1–12.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Peng, Y.-Q., Chen, C.-C., & Yang, X.-H. (2008). Bridging Confucianism and Legalism: Xunzi’s philosophy of sage-kingship. In C. C. Chen & Y. T. Lee (Eds.), Leadership and management in China (pp. 51–79). Cambridge: Cambridge Press.

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  • Rämö, H. (2004). Moments of trust: Temporal and spatial factors of trust in organizations. Journal of Managerial Psychology, 19(8), 760–775.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Schön, D. A. (1987). Educating the reflective practitioner: Toward a new design for teaching and learning in the profession. San Francisco: Jossey-Bass.

    Google Scholar 

  • School of Education, Andrews University. (2010). Leadership: A platform for service. Handbook: 2010–2011. http://www.andrews.edu/sed/leadership_dept/leadership/documents/leadership-handbook.pdf.

  • Sun, H.-F., Chen, C.-C., & Zhang, S.-H. (2008). Strategic leadership of Sunzi in the art of war. In C. C. Chen & Y. T. Lee (Eds.), Leadership and management in China (pp. 143–168). Cambridge: Cambridge Press.

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  • Tsui, A. S., Wamg, H., Xin, K., Zhang, L., & Fu, P. P. (2004). Variation of leadership styles among Chinese CEOs. Organizational Dynamics, 33, 4–20.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Tsui, A. S., Zhang, Z. X., Wang, H., Xin, K., & Wu, J. B. (2006). Unpacking the relationship between CEO leadership behavior and organizational culture. The Leadership Quarterly, 17(2), 113–137.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • University, A. (2007). A new Andrews for a new century: strategic plan, 2007–2012. Berrien Springs: Andrews University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Wah, S. S. (2001). Chinese cultural values and their implication to Chinese management. Singapore Management Review, 23(2), 75–83.

    Google Scholar 

  • Wah, S. S. (2010). Confucianism and Chinese leadership. Chinese Management Studies, 4(3), 280–285.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • White, E. G. (1925). Christian service. Washington, DC: Review & Herald.

    Google Scholar 

  • Yang, B. J. (1958). Lunyu yi zahu. In Annotations and translations of Confucian analects. Beijing: China Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Yang, X. H., Peng, Y.-Q., & Lee, Y.-T. (2008). Bridging confucianism and legalism: Xunzi’s philosophy of sage-kingship. In C. C. Chen & Y. T. Lee (Eds.), Leadership and management in China (pp. 5–79). Cambridge: Cambridge Press.

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Silas M. Oliveira .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2012 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Oliveira, S.M. (2012). Aligning Business Education with Ancient Chinese and Greek Philosophy: The Andrews University’s Leadership Program. In: Prastacos, G., Wang, F., Soderquist, K. (eds) Leadership through the Classics. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-32445-1_27

Download citation

Publish with us

Policies and ethics