Interpretation of the Foreign Judgments Enforcement Law

Carmon, Haggai

doi:10.1007/978-3-642-32003-3_6

Interpretation of the Foreign Judgments Enforcement Law

Haggai Carmon^2,3

Chapter
First Online: 12 October 2012

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Abstract

Article 1 of the Foreign Judgments Enforcement Law, 5717-1956 (Enforcement Law) provides:

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Notes

1.
Draft Bill to Foreign Judgments Recognition and Enforcement Law 5717-1956(No. 285), 1957, H.H. 105. The wording of this Article was changed when it was enacted. The original wording of the bill was: “In this Law: ‘Foreign judgment’ – a judgment given by a foreign court in a civil claim, including a judgment in a criminal claim for the payment of compensation or damages to an injured party.” Nevertheless, the Notes to this draft Article seem to apply as well to the wording of the Article as enacted.
2.
Shapira, Recognition and Enforcement of Foreign Judgments 519-520.
3.
Nevo (Jan. 5, 2012).
4.
Id. at §16.
5.
Id. at §19.
6.
See Shapira, Recognition and Enforcement of Foreign Judgments 526-528.
7.
For further discussion, see Article 4 in Chapter Six.
8.
Supra n. 1 at §25.
9.
Id. at §8.
10.
P.D. 44(4) 397 (1990). The judgment was rendered before the creation the Palestinian Council.
11.
Nevo (Sep. 25, 2005). This judgment was rendered after the creation the Palestinian Council.
12.
Id. at 5.
13.
P.M. 77 221 (1971).
14.
Shapira, Recognition and Enforcement of Foreign Judgments 520.
15.
International Legal Assistance Law, 5758-1998, Article 5(4).
16.
Nevo (Mar. 9, 2009).
17.
See Chap. 9 for further discussion.
18.
Uniform Foreign-Country Money Judgments Recognition Act.
19.
Draft Bill to Foreign Judgments Recognition and Enforcement Law 5717-1956 (No. 285), 1957, H.H., 105.
20.
See the ruling of Deputy Chief Justice Ben-Porat (individual opinion) in C.A. 499/79 Ben Dayan et al. v. E.D.S. International Ltd., P.D. 38(2) 99, 105 (1984).
21.
Shapira, Recognition and Enforcement of Foreign Judgments 515-516.
22.
P.D. 17 2032 (1963).
23.
Shapira, Recognition and Enforcement of Foreign Judgments 516 n. 28.
24.
P.D. 27(1) 690 (1973).
25.
Id. at 694.
26.
Shapira, Recognition and Enforcement of Foreign Judgments 516.
27.
C.A. 423/63 Rosenbaum v. Goli, P.D. 18(2) 374, 378 (1964).
28.
Celia Wasserstein-Fassberg, Foreign Judgments in Israeli Law: Deconstruction and Reconstruction 27 (1996).
29.
Id. at 27-28.
30.
C.A. 101/63 Winter v. Kovetz, supra n. 14.
31.
19 Q.B. 2 (1960).
32.
Shapira, Recognition and Enforcement of Foreign Judgments 528.
33.
Vervaeke v. Smith (1981) Fam. 77 aff’d [1983] 1 A.C. 145 (H.L.).
34.
Regarding the argument that proceedings are ongoing in another court, see also below, Section 4 and on.
35.
C.A. 541/77 Rosenshein v. Spertus, P.D. 32(2) 701 (1978).
36.
C.A. 2214/00 Carlo Nobili S.p.A. Rubinetterie (Italian Company) v. Moshe Kattan Ltd., P.D. 54(4) 403 (2000).
37.
Fassberg, Foreign Judgments in Israeli Law: Deconstruction and Reconstruction 26.
38.
Nevo (Jul. 27, 2006) §7.
39.
Nevo (Jul. 27, 2006) §11.
40.
Nevo (Jul. 10, 2011) at 12.
41.
P.D. 54(1) 697 (2000).
42.
Supra n. 28.
43.
Nevo (Aug. 31, 2008). An appeal of this judgment is currently before the Supreme Court (C.A. 8751/08).
44.
Guyot v. Hilton, 159 U.S. 160 (1895).
45.
Evans Cabinet Corp. v. Kitchen Int’l, Inc., 593 F.3d 135; 2010 U.S. App. LEXIS 2311.
46.
Mayekawa Mfg. Co. Ltd. v. Sasaki, 888 P.2d 183, 189 (Wash. App. 1995); Bridgeway Corp. v. Citibank, 45 F. Supp. 2d 276, 285 (S.D.N.Y. 1999); S.C. Chimexin S.A. v. Velco Enterprises, Ltd., 36 F Supp. 2d 206, 212 (S.D.N.Y. 1999).
47.
245 F.3d 759, 764 (8th Cir. 2001).
48.
Shapira, Recognition and Enforcement of Foreign Judgments 521-522.
49.
Draft Bill to Foreign Judgments Recognition and Enforcement Law 5717-1956 (No. 285), 1957, H.H., 105.
50.
Shapira, Recognition and Enforcement of Foreign Judgments 523.
51.
Shapira, Recognition and Enforcement of Foreign Judgments 523-524.
52.
P.D. 50(5) 99 (1997).
53.
Supra n. 30.
54.
The appellant raised this among its arguments concerning lack of court jurisdiction, as required by Article 3(1) of the Law. The court noted that it should have been included in the condition of Article 3(4) of the Law.
55.
Nevo (Mar. 9, 2009).
56.
Shapira, Recognition and Enforcement of Foreign Judgments 526.
57.
See the judgment in D.C.C. (T.A.) 408/00 (D.C.M. 11356/00) Tower Air Inc. v. Companies Registrar (Nevo, May 28, 2000), where the District Court (Judge Alshech) held that the temporary relief of a provisional judgment or interim order should be enforced, if the ramifications justify the decision despite the inherent risk. The court held further that the application of Article 8 (that the court may—if the circumstances of the case, according to the court’s discretion, justify doing so—enforce a foreign provisional judgment or interim order in support cases, even though such judgment or order may still be appealable) is not limited to alimony and child support.
58.
P.D. 31(3) 713 (1977).
59.
Id. at 719.
60.
Id. at 721.
61.
Draft Bill to Foreign Judgments Recognition and Enforcement Law 5717-1956 (No. 285), 1957, H.H., 105.
62.
P.D. 32(2) 701 (1978).
63.
Id. at 704.
64.
P.D. 38(3) 639 (1984).
65.
Id. at 643.
66.
P.D. 54(4) 403 (2000).
67.
C.A. 74/77 Land Nordrhein-Westfalen v. Friedman (incompetent) through legal guardian, supra n. 58.
68.
Supra n. 55 at 406.
69.
Article 3(2) of the Law.
70.
Fassberg, Foreign Judgments in Israeli Law: Deconstruction and Reconstruction 9.
71.
Id. at 11.
72.
Nouvion v. Freeeman (1889) 15 A.C. 1.
73.
Alberta Securities v. Ryckman, 30 P.3d 121, 126 (2001).
74.
Gonzales v. Lebensversicherung A.G., 761 N.Y.S. 2d 2, 3 (2003).
75.
76 Wn. App. 791 (1995), 888 P.2d 183.
76.
Article 200 of the C.C.P.
77.
Shapira, Recognition and Enforcement of Foreign Judgments 529.
78.
Id. at 529-530.
79.
Nevo (Aug. 31, 2008). An appeal of this judgment is currently before the Supreme Court (C.A. 8751/08).
80.
Id. at §31.
81.
Id. at §32.
82.
Shapira, Recognition and Enforcement of Foreign Judgments 530.
83.
Id. at 531.
84.
Id. at 532-534.
85.
Id. at 534-541.
86.
P.D. 48(3) 641 (1994).
87.
Id. at 651.
88.
Id. at 653.
89.
P.D. 59(5) 616 (2005).
90.
C.A. 1137/93 Ashkar v. Himes, supra n. 75.
91.
D.C.C. (T.A.) 1559/02 Globe Master Management Ltd. v. Bolos Gad Ltd. (Nevo, Apr. 15, 2003), 4.
92.
Supra n. 78 at 622.
93.
P.M. 5763 (2) 337 (2004).
94.
Id. at 343.
95.
Id. at 344.
96.
Supra n. 32.
97.
Shapira, Recognition and Enforcement of Foreign Judgments 534.
98.
Supra n. 32 §48.
99.
Nevo (May 5, 2011).
100.
Id. at 9.
101.
169 F.3d 317 (5th Cir. 1999).
102.
The Society of Lloyd’s v. Turner, 303 F.3d 325 (5th Cir. 2002).
103.
Hunt v. BP Exploration Co. (Libya) Ltd., 492 F. Supp. 885, 901 (N.D. Tes. 1980).
104.
585 N.Y.S. 2d 661 (N.Y. Sup. Ct. 1992).
105.
S. 3518.
106.
H.R. 2765: Securing the Protection of Our Enduring and Established Constitutional Heritage Act.
107.
Huntington v. Attrill, [1893] A.C. 150.
108.
Huntington v. Attrill 146 U.S. 657, 666-667 (1892).
109.
USA v. Inkley [1988] 3 All E.R. 144.
110.
Purchas L.J. in USA v. Inkley [1988] 3 W.L.R. 302, 312.
111.
Shapira, Recognition and Enforcement of Foreign Judgments 535-536.
112.
Nevo (Aug. 31, 2008). An appeal of this judgment is currently before the Supreme Court (C.A. 8751/08).
113.
Nevo (Mar. 9, 2009).
114.
See p. 9 of the committee’s prefatory notes.
115.
665 F. Supp. 73 (d. Mass. 1987).
116.
Murphy v. Islamic Republic of Iran 06-cv-596 (RCL) (D.D.C. 9/24/10).
117.
Wolff v. Wolff, 389 A.2d 413 (My. App. 1978).
118.
Shapira, Recognition and Enforcement of Foreign Judgments 541.
119.
Fassberg, Finality in Foreign Judgments Mishpatim 18 35, 70 (1989).
120.
Shapira, Recognition and Enforcement of Foreign Judgments 541.
121.
Nevo (Dec. 31, 2007).
122.
Id. at §26.
123.
Id. at §35.
124.
Nevo (Apr. 2, 2001).
125.
Id. at §5.
126.
Shapira, Recognition and Enforcement of Foreign Judgments 38-39.
127.
P.D. 45(2) 656 (1991).
128.
Id.
129.
Supra n. 99. An appeal of this judgment is currently before the Supreme Court (C.A. 8751/08).
130.
Supra n. 100.
131.
P.M. 76 221 (1971). See also Shapira, Recognition and Enforcement of Foreign Judgments 520 n. 43.
132.
Friedrich Juenger, The Recognition of Money Judgments in Civil and Commercial Matters 36 Am. J. Comp. L. 1, 8 (1988).
133.
Restatement (Third) of Foreign Relations Law §481 & introductory n. (1987).
134.
1993 c. 13 (Regnal. 23 and 24 Geo. 5).
135.
Part 1, Article 241 of the Arbitrazh (Commercial Code of the Russian Federation).
136.
(No. VAS-13688/09) Rentpool B.V. v. OOO PodyemnyeTekhnologii (2010).
137.
Nevo (March 19, 2012).
138.
Id. at 17-18.
139.
Shapira, Recognition and Enforcement of Foreign Judgments 40-41.
140.
P.D. 27(1) 690 (1973).
141.
Id. at 695.
142.
P.D. 38(3) 639 (1984).
143.
552 N.E. 2d 1053 (Ill. App. 1990).
144.
677 N.E. 2d 30 (Ill. App. 1997).
145.
P.D. 58(3) 1 (2004).
146.
Chengalvaraya Naidu v. Jagannath (1994) 1 Supreme Court Cases 1.
147.
Supra n. 131.
148.
Id. at 29.
149.
P.D. 44(4) 397 (1990).
150.
Id. at 407.
151.
Id.
152.
Nevo (Jul. 13 2005).
153.
Id. §16.
154.
Supra n. 131.
155.
Id. at 18.
156.
Nevo (Dec. 31, 2007).
157.
Id. at 34.
158.
1992 W.L. IIII 86, 3 (E.D. La. 1992).
159.
Id. at 5.
160.
Shapira, Recognition and Enforcement of Foreign Judgments 43.
161.
Nevo (May 1, 2003).
162.
Id. at 15.
163.
P.D. 30(3) 423 (1976).
164.
P.D. 46(2) 366 (1990).
165.
Id. at 368.
166.
Id. at 369.
167.
P.D. 48(3) 641 (1994).
168.
Supra n. 150.
169.
D.C.C. (Jm.) 50/92 Himes v. Ashkar, p. 9.
170.
P.D. 54(1) 697 (2000).
171.
Supra n. 99.
172.
Id. at 33.
173.
Id. at 34.
174.
Guyot v. Hilton, 159 U.S. 160 (1895).
175.
Id. at 175.
176.
Id.
177.
Society of Lloyd’s v. Ashenden, U.S. App. LEXIS 29707, 233 F.3d 473 (2000).
178.
Bank Melli Iran v. Pahlavi, 58 F.3d 1406 (9th Cir. 1995).
179.
Bridgeway Corp. v. Citibank, 201 F.3d 134, 140 (2000).
180.
Became Article 6(a)(3) in the Foreign Judgments Enforcement Law (Amendment 3), 5750-1990.
181.
Shapira, Recognition and Enforcement of Foreign Judgments 44.
182.
Id. at 45.
183.
D.C.C. (Jm.) 1404/03 Bamira v. Greenberg (Nevo, Dec. 26, 2006) §27.
184.
Regarding a foreign judgment that is in rem in the full sense of the term, the territorial location of the property exclusively determines the international jurisdiction of the foreign courts to render such a judgment. See Shapira, Recognition and Enforcement of Foreign Judgments 44-45.
185.
C.A. 541/77 Rosenshein v. Spertus, P.D. 32(2) 701 (1978).
186.
Shapira, Recognition and Enforcement of Foreign Judgments 46-47.
187.
Supra n. 171.
188.
Shapira, Recognition and Enforcement of Foreign Judgments 49-51.
189.
Draft Bill to Foreign Judgments Enforcement Law (Amendment 3) 5749-1989 (No. 1942), 1989, H.H. 119.
190.
P.D. 50(5) 99 (2009).
191.
Supra n. 169.
192.
This argument was discussed in the context of the appellant’s arguments regarding Article 3(1) of the Law.
193.
Evans Cabinet Corp. v. Kitchen Int’l Inc., 593 F.3d 135 (2010); 2010 U.S. App. LEXIS 2311.
194.
Shapira, Recognition and Enforcement of Foreign Judgments 55.
195.
Became Article 6(a)(4) in the Foreign Judgments Enforcement Law (Amendment 3), 5750-1990.
196.
Supra n. 153 at 656.
197.
Id.
198.
Id.
199.
Id.
200.
Id. at 659.
201.
Shapira, Recognition and Enforcement of Foreign Judgments 55. See also D.C.C. (T.A.) 189/03 New Hampshire Insurance Co. v. Oil Refineries Ltd. (Nevo, Mar. 31, 2008).
202.
Shapira, Recognition and Enforcement of Foreign Judgments 532-534.
203.
Nevo (Aug. 31, 2008). An appeal of this judgment is currently before the Supreme Court (C.A. 8751/08).
204.
Nevo (Mar. 9, 2009).
205.
Id. At §14.
206.
The comments to the law proposal state, regarding prejudicing the sovereignty of Israel or its security, that “this fact does not require, of course, proof by the party objecting to the petition.”
207.
Shapira, Recognition and Enforcement of Foreign Judgments 526.
208.
Supra n. 193.
209.
Id. at 100-101.
210.
P.D. 27(1) 690 (1973).
211.
Id. at 693.
212.
P.D. 45(2) 656 (1991).
213.
Nevo (May 28, 2000).
214.
Id. At §9.
215.
Nevo (Jan. 5, 2012).
216.
Supra n. 1 at §25.
217.
Id. at §8.
218.
Draft Bill to Foreign Judgments Recognition and Enforcement Law (No. 285), 1957, H.H. 105.
219.
Draft Bill to Foreign Judgments Enforcement Law (Amendment 2) 5737-1977 (No. 1302), 1977, H.H. 246.
220.
P.D. 56(1) 253 (2001).
221.
Draft Bill to Foreign Judgment Recognition and Enforcement Law, 5717-1956 (No. 285), 1957, H.H. 105.
222.
Nevo (Dec. 31, 2007).

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Carmon & Carmon, Tel Aviv, Israel
Haggai Carmon
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Carmon, H. (2013). Interpretation of the Foreign Judgments Enforcement Law. In: Foreign Judgments in Israel. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-32003-3_6

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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-32003-3_6
Published: 12 October 2012
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