Abstract
The risk due to large rockslides in Norway is due to large run-out, the possibilities for river damming and the generation of disastrous tsunamis in fjords. The investigations, monitoring and early-warning that have been designed and implemented for the Norwegian rockslides follows requirements guided in national codes and international standards for geotechnical design. The investigation program is composed of the following main parts: (1) Surface investigations; (2) Ground (subsurface) investigations; (3) Analysis and modeling; (4) Evaluation of physical mitigation; and (5) Documentation. The design and implementation of monitoring systems follows the following main concepts: (1) Sensors on the surface and in boreholes that gives sufficiently knowledge about movements; (2) Sensors giving information about controlling mechanisms for movements (Meteorological station and water pressure); and (3) Backup systems for all critical sectors by establishing different types of monitoring systems. The infrastructure including power-supply system and data communication from the site is designed to fulfill the demand of redundancy. Based on the historical data and information from historical rockslide events elsewhere, early-warning levels have been implemented in the operational system.
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Acknowledgments
The investigations and implemented monitoring systems are based on investigations and research corporation with a series of national and international partners. These include the Geological Survey of Norway, Norwegian Geotechnical Institute, NORSAR, Norwegian University for Science and Technology, University Centre of Svalbard, University of Bergen, University of Oslo, University of Milano-Bicoccca, University of Lausanne, ETH, and the companies Ellegi srl, CSG, Cautus Geo and Fugro. We will also thank the Norwegian Water and Energy Directorate (NVE) for financing the governmental part of the early-warning centre and for discussions regarding requirements.
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Blikra, L.H., Kristensen, L. (2013). Monitoring Concepts and Requirements for Large Rockslides in Norway. In: Margottini, C., Canuti, P., Sassa, K. (eds) Landslide Science and Practice. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-31445-2_25
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-31445-2_25
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