Abstract
Meiosis is an obligate process during sexual reproduction, which involves the combination of parental genomes and the coordinated segregation of the recombined chromosomes to the gametes. Polyploidy has direct and fundamental consequences on meiosis, which are gradually and individually different between the extreme cases of auto- and allopolyploids. Multiple chromosome complements have a major impact, especially on chromosome pairing during pachytene and on the segregation of genotypes and phenotypes in progeny. At the same time, irregularities during meiosis are a major source of naturally occurring polyploidization events by the formation of unreduced gametes. Although individuals originating from nonhaploid gametes may suffer from reduced vigor and fecundity, their gametogenesis can produce many more chromosomal combinations than regular diploids, and thereby expose more diversity to natural selection. A more relaxed control of pairing and segregation in polyploids, possibly also with increased recombination rates, might be an important contribution to evolution and adaptation potential, especially under drastic or frequent changes in environmental conditions.
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Zielinski, ML., Mittelsten Scheid, O. (2012). Meiosis in Polyploid Plants. In: Soltis, P., Soltis, D. (eds) Polyploidy and Genome Evolution. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-31442-1_3
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