Abstract
We have developed a methodology for representation of ontologies in a strictly typed language with dependent types. The methodology is supported by an experiment where we translated SUMO (Suggested Upper-Merged Ontology) to GF (Grammatical Framework). The representation of SUMO in GF preserves the expressivity of the original ontology, adding to this the advantages of a type system and built-in support for natural language generation. SUMO is the largest open-source ontology describing over 10,000 concepts and the relations between them, along with a number of first-order axioms, which are further on used in performing automated reasoning on the ontology. GF is a type-theoretical grammar formalism mainly used for natural language applications. Through the logical framework that it incorporates, GF allows a consistent ontology representation, and thanks to its grammatical features the ontology is directly verbalized in a number of controlled natural languages.
Keywords
- ontologies
- type theory
- knowledge representation
- automated reasoning
- natural language generation
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Angelov, K., Enache, R. (2012). Typeful Ontologies with Direct Multilingual Verbalization. In: Rosner, M., Fuchs, N.E. (eds) Controlled Natural Language. CNL 2010. Lecture Notes in Computer Science(), vol 7175. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-31175-8_1
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-31175-8_1
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