Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Genital Bleedings, Vaginal Discharge, and Interlabial Masses

  • Chapter
  • First Online:
Symptoms and Signs in Pediatric Surgery

  • 1908 Accesses

Abstract

Genital bleeding in the girl is an important differential diagnosis of hematuria, lower gastrointestinal hemorrhage, and bleeding from falls astride including impalement injuries. Genital bleedings can be differentiated between physiological and pathological hemorrhages.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Log in via an institution
Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 89.00
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 119.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info
Hardcover Book
USD 169.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

Bibliography

General: Differential Diagnosis of Genital Bleeding, Endoscopy

  • Bevan JA, Maloney KW, Hillery CA et al (2001) Bleeding disorders: a common cause of menorrhagia in adolescents. J Pediatr 138:856–861

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Navratil F (2001) Die gynäkologische Untersuchung bei kleinen Mädchen Wann ist sie sinnvoll? Pädiatrie 1:4–7

    Google Scholar 

  • Parker JD, Hibbert ML, Dainty LD, Larsen FW, Dance VD (2000) Microhydrovaginoscopy in examining children. Obstet Gynecol 96:772–774

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Ragni MV, Bontempo FA, Hassett AC (1999) von Willebrand’s disease and bleeding in women. Hemophilia 5:313–317

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

Sections 29.1, 29.2.1–29.2.3

  • Castellino SM, Martinez-Borges AR, McLean TW (2009) Pediatric genitourinary tumors. Curr Opin Oncol 21:278–283

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Cowan BD, Morrison JC (1991) Management of abnormal genital bleeding in girls and women. N Engl J Med 324:1710–1715

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Cuadros J, Mazon A, Martinez R, Gonzalez P, Gil-Setas A, Flores U, Orden B, Gomez-Herruz P, Millan R, Spanish Study Group for Primary Care Infection (2004) The aetiology of paediatric inflammatory vulvovaginitis. Eur J Pediatr 163:105–107, Erratum in: Eur J Pediatr (2004) 163:283

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Fischer GO (2002) Vulval disease in prepubertal girls. Australas J Dermatol 42:225–234; quiz 235–236

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Giusti RM, Iwamoto K, Hatch EE (1995) Diethylstilbestrol revisited: a review of the long-term health effects. Ann Intern Med 122:778–788

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Heinz M (2001) Genitalinfektionen in Kindheit und Adoleszenz Prävalenz, Diagnostik und Therapie. Pädiatrie 1:9–13

    Google Scholar 

  • Heinz M, Schweizerische Arbeitsgruppe für Kinder- und Jugengynäkologie (2004) Zyklusstörungen bei jungen Mädchen Amenorrhö, Regeltypus- und Regeltempostörungen. Pädiatrie 1:16–19

    Google Scholar 

  • Imai A, Horibe S, Tamaya T (1995) Genital bleeding in premenarcheal children. Int J Gynaecol Obstet 49:41–45

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Jones R (1996) Childhood vulvovaginitis and vaginal discharge in general practice. Fam Pract 13:369–372

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Paradise JE, Willis ED (1985) Probability of vaginal foreign body in girls with genital complaints. Am J Dis Child 139:472–476

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Pascual-Castroviejo I, Lopez-Pereira P, Savasta S, Lopez-Gutierrez JC, Lago CM, Cisternino M (2008) Neurofibromatosis type 1 with external genitalia involvement presentation of 4 patients. J Pediatr Surg 43:1998–2203

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Renteria SC, Hirrle B, Schweizerische Arbeitsgruppe für Kinder- und Jugendgynäkologie (2005) Vulvaerkran­kungen beim Mädchen im Kindesalter Orientier­ungshilfe für Differentialdiagnostik und Therapie in der Praxis. Pädiatrie 1:13–16

    Google Scholar 

  • Smith YR, Berman DR, Quint EH (2002) Premenarchal vaginal discharge: findings of procedures to rule out foreign bodies. J Pediatr Adolesc Gynecol 15:227–230

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Stricker T, Navratil F, Sennhauser FH (2004) Vaginal foreign bodies. J Paediatr Child Health 40:205–207

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Striegel AM, Myers JB, Sorensen MD, Furness PD, Koyle MA (2006) Vaginal discharge and bleeding in girls younger than 6 years. J Urol 176:2632–2635

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Vogel AM, Alesbury JM, Burrows PE, Fishman SJ (2006) Vascular anomalies of the female external genitalia. J Pediatr Surg 41:993–999

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Sections 29.2.4–29.2.5

  • Berenson AB, Chacko MR, Wiemann CM et al (2002) Use of hymenal measurements in the diagnosis of previous penetration. Pediatrics 109:228–235

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Berkoff MC, Zolotor AJ, Makoroff KL, Thackeray JD, Shapiro RA, Runyan DK (2008) Has this prepubertal girl been sexually abused? JAMA 300:2779–2792

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Boos SC (1999) Experience and reason accidental hymenal injury mimicking sexual trauma. Pediatrics 103:1287–1290

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Byard RW, Donald TG, Rutty GN (2008) Non-traumatic causes of perianal hemorrhage and excoriation in the young. Forensic Sci Med Pathol 4:159–163

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Cremer M, Masch R (2010) Emergency contraception: past, present, and future. Minerva Ginecol 62:361–371

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Dowd MD, Fitzmaurice L, Knapp JF, Mooney D (1994) The interpretation of urogenital findings in children with straddle injuries. J Pediatr Surg 29:7–10

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Edgardh K, von Krogh G, Ormstad K (1999) Adolescent girls investigated for sexual abuse: history, physical findings and legal outcome. Forensic Sci Int 104:1–15

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Elder DE (2007) Interpretations of anogenital findings in the living child: implications for the paediatric forensic autopsy. J Forensic Leg Med 14:482–488

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Fegert JM (2007) Child sexual abuse. Bundesgesundheits­blatt Gesundheitsforschung Gesundheitsschutz 50:78–89

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Garcia VE, Sheldon C (1998) Genitourinary tract trauma. In: O’Neill JA Jr et al (eds) Pediatric surgery, 5th edn, 1. Mosby, St. Louis

    Google Scholar 

  • Gilbert R, Widom CS, Browne K, Fergusson D, Webb E, Janson S (2009) Burden and consequences of child maltreatment in high-income countries. Lancet 373:68–81

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Heger AH, Tiscont L, Guerra L, Lister J, Zaragoza T, McConnell G, Morahan M (2002) Appearance of the genitalia in girls selected for nonabuse: review of hymenal morphology and non-specific findings. J Pediatr Adolesc Gynecol 15:27–35

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Lalor K, McElvaney R (2010) Child sexual abuse, links to later sexual exploitation/high-risk sexual behavior, and prevention/treatment programs. Trauma Violence Abuse 11:159–177

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Lynch JM, Gardner MJ, Alabanese CT (1995) Blunt urogenital trauma in prepubescent female patients: more than meets the eye! Pediatr Emerg Care 11:372–375

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • McCann J, Voris J, Simon M (1992) Genital injuries resulting from sexual abuse: a longitudinal study. Pediatrics 89:307–317

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Saint-Martin P, Bouyssy M, Jacquet A, O’Byrne P (2007) Sexual assault: medicolegal findings and legal outcomes (analysis of 756 cases). J Gynecol Obstet Biol Reprod (Paris) 36:588–594

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Shapiro RA, Makoroff KL (2006) Sexually transmitted diseases in sexually abused girls and adolescents. Curr Opin Obstet Gynecol 18:492–497

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Smith WG, Metcalfe M, Cormode EJ, Holder N (2005) Approach to evaluation of sexual assault in children. Experience of a secondary-level regional pediatric sexual assault clinic. Can Fam Physician 51:1347–1351

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Sommers MS (2007) Defining patterns of genital injuries from sexual assault: a review. Trauma Violence Abuse 8:270–280

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Tolle MA, Schwarzwald HL (2010) Postexposure prophylaxis against human immunodeficiency virus. Am Fam Physician 82:161–166

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Wiese M, Armitage C, Delaforce J, Welch J (2005) Emergency care for complaints of sexual assault. J R Soc Med 98:49–53

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Section 29.3

  • Falandry L (1994) Prolapse of the urethra in black girls. Personal experience in 11 cases. Med Trop (Mars) 54:152–156

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Fletcher SG, Lemack GE (2008) Benign masses of the female periurethral tissues and anterior vaginal wall. Curr Urol Rep 9:389–396

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Grande Moreillo C, Rodo Salas J, Morales Fochs L (2000) Ectopic ureter as cause of urinary incontinence in Girls. Actas Urol Esp 24:314–318

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Pediatric Surgery Inselspital, University of Berne, Berne, Switzerland

    Prof. em. Georges L. Kaiser

Authors
  1. Prof. em. Georges L. Kaiser
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2012 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Kaiser, G.L. (2012). Genital Bleedings, Vaginal Discharge, and Interlabial Masses. In: Symptoms and Signs in Pediatric Surgery. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-31161-1_29

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-31161-1_29

  • Published:

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg

  • Print ISBN: 978-3-642-31160-4

  • Online ISBN: 978-3-642-31161-1

  • eBook Packages: MedicineMedicine (R0)

Publish with us

Policies and ethics

Search

Navigation