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Mechanical Properties

  • Hans-Werner Zoch
Chapter
First Online:
Part of the Lecture Notes in Production Engineering book series (LNPE)

Abstract

The plastic behavior of metals depends strongly on microstructural features such as dislocations, grain boundaries or precipitations. Some of these microstructural features show size effects depending not only on the size of the feature, but also on the size of the specimen.

Keywords

Flow Stress Stress Amplitude Endurance Limit Solution Annealing Martensitic Microstructure 
These keywords were added by machine and not by the authors. This process is experimental and the keywords may be updated as the learning algorithm improves.

Latin

A

Area (mm²)

AG

Grain area (mm²)

bv

Absolute value of the Burger’s vector (nm)

Cth

Thermal material resistance (MPa)

CDF

Cumulative distribution function

CDFe

Cumulative distribution function of the endurance limit

cfa

Concentration of foreign atoms (at.%)

d

Diameter (mm)

dG

Grain diameter (mm)

E

Young’s modulus (GPa)

fDebye

Debye frequency (s−1)

F

Force (N)

G

Shear modulus (GPa)

GBR

Grain boundary resistance \( {MPa\sqrt{mm}} \)

GFE

Gibbs free enthalpy (J)

HM

Martens hardness (MPa)

K

Prefactor (MPa s)

KB

Boltzmann constant (J/K)

Kf

Fatigue notch factor

Kt

Stress concentration factor

l

Length (mm)

L

Gliding path (nm)

\( \bar{\textit{L}} \)

Mean distance between short-range obstacles (nm)

mth nth

Exponents

mf

Strain rate sensitivity

mof

Orientation factor

mSachs

Sachs’ factor

mTaylor

Taylor’s factor

mWeibull

Shape parameter

N

Number of cycles

Nf

Number of cycles to failure

Pr

Probability

Prf

Probability of failure

Q

Activation energy (kJ/(mol K))

R

Gas constant (kJ/mol)

Rσ

Stress ratio

Ra

Arithmetic roughness (µm)

Rt

Maximum height of profile parameter (µm)

Ry

Maximum peak to valley height (µm)

Rz

10-point height parameter (µm)

s

Sheet thickness/layer thickness/material thickness (µm)

t

Drop-down time (s)

T

Temperature (K or °C)

TR

Recrystallisation temperature (K)

TM

Melting temperature (K)

tD

Delay time of a glide dislocation in front of an obstacle (s)

tL

Running time of a glide dislocation (s)

Greek

α

Heat transfer coefficient (W/(m² K))

αSG

Amount of surface grains

γi

Shear of the ith slip system (MPa)

ε

Strain

\( \dot{\varepsilon } \)

Strain rate (s−1)

εfr

Elongation after fracture

εg

Elongation at maximum load

θ

Volume fraction of the border grains

Φ%

Thickness reduction due to cold forming (%)

ρdis

Dislocation density (1/m3)

ρgd

Gliding dislocation density (1/m3)

σ

Normal stress (MPa)

σ0

Scale parameter of the endurance limit

σa

Stress amplitude

σe

endurance limit

σe0

endurance limit of a smooth specimen

σen

endurance limit of a notched specimen

σmax

Maximum stress

σM

Ultimate tensile strength (MPa)

σN

Apparent stress (MPa)

σN,en

Nominal endurance limit of a notched specimen (MPa)

σpl

Yield strength/elastic limit (MPa)

σpl0.2

0.2 %-yield strength (MPa)

τ

Transverse strain (MPa)

τN

Overall shear (MPa)

τSC

Single crystal critical resolved shear stress (MPa)

φ

Logarithmic degree of deformation [= ln (l/l0)]

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© Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 2013

Authors and Affiliations

  1. 1.IWTBremenGermany

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