Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in
Book cover

Growth and Defence in Plants pp 243–271Cite as

Case Study “Kranzberger Forst”: Growth and Defence in European Beech (Fagus sylvatica L.) and Norway Spruce (Picea abies (L.) Karst.)

  • Chapter
  • First Online:

Part of the book series: Ecological Studies ((ECOLSTUD,volume 220))

Abstract

Choosing the comparative analysis of biomass partitioning of the two competing tree species, European beech and Norway spruce, with their contrasting crown architecture and foliage habit as a starting point, the outcome from an 8-year free-air canopy exposure experiment to an enhanced ozone (O3) regime is comprehended. The experiment had been employed for interfering with resource allocation according to the growth–differentiation-balance theory.

Clarification of growth performance of both species is considered as a prerequisite for the analysis of tree response to abiotic and biotic stress. Therefore, after introducing into the research site “Kranzberger Forst”, both the tree species are compared for their competitiveness in view of space-related resource use. This kind of examination allows cost–benefit analyses of competition-associated resource turnover and, in addition, standardises comparisons between the contrasting foliage habits. Subsequently a conceptual approach is presented on how defence costs may be estimated for each species. O3 responses are discussed in view of stress signalling mechanisms and potential discrepancies between ontogenetic stages. Conclusions are drawn on the different strategies of beech and spruce in coping with conflicting resource demands between growth and defence.

The better adaptation of beech to react on disturbances fails in the case of ozone stress where beech was found to be more susceptible than spruce by allocating carbon to the roots leading to allometric changes and a loss in wood production aboveground.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution.

Chapter
USD   29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD   169.00
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD   219.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info
Hardcover Book
USD   219.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Learn about institutional subscriptions

References

  • Achard P, Vriezen WH, Van Der Straeten D, Harberd NP (2003) Ethylene regulates Arabidopsis development via the modulation of DELLA protein growth repressor function. Plant Cell 15:2816–2825

    PubMed  CAS  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Andersen CP (2003) Source–sink balance and carbon allocation below ground in plants exposed to ozone. New Phytol 157:213–228

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Bahnweg G, Heller W, Stich S, Knappe C, Betz G, Heerdt C, Kehr RD, Ernst D, Langebartels C, Nunn AJ, Rothenburger J, Schubert R, Muller-Starck G, Werner H, Matyssek R, Sandermann H Jr (2005) Beech leaf colonization by the endophyte Apiognomonia errabunda dramatically depends on light exposure and climatic conditions. Plant Biol 7:659–669

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Bailey-Serres J, Voesenek LACJ (2010) Life in the balance: a signaling network controlling survival of flooding. Curr Opin Plant Biol 13:489–494

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Blumenröther MC, Löw M, Matyssek R, Oβwald W (2007) Flux-based response of sucrose and starch in leaves of adult beech trees (Fagus sylvatica L.) under chronic free-air O3 fumigation. Plant Biol 9:207–214

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Butin HH (1995) Tree diseases and disorders: causes, biology, and control in forest and amenity trees. Oxford University Press, Oxford

    Google Scholar 

  • Čermák J, Nadezhdina N, Meiresonne L, Ceulemans R (2008) Scots pine root distribution derived from radial sap flow patterns in stems of large leaning trees. Plant Soil 305:61–75

    Google Scholar 

  • Ciais P, Reichstein M, Viovy N, Granier A, Ogée J, Allard V, Aubinet M, Buchmann N, Bernhofer C, Carrara A, Chevallier F, De Noblet N, Friend AD, Friedlingstein F, Grünwald T, Heinesch B, Keronen P, Knohl A, Krinner G, Loustau D, Manca G, Matteucci G, Miglietta F, Ourcival JM, Papale D, Pilegaard K, Rambal S, Seufert G, Soussana JF, Sanz MJ, Schulze ED, Vesala T, Valentini R (2005) Europe-wide reduction in primary productivity caused by the heat and drought in 2003. Nature 437:529–533

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Clancy KM, Wagner MR, Reich PB (1995) Ecophysiology and insect herbivory. In: Smith WK, Hinckley TM (eds) Ecophysiology of coniferous forests. Academic Press, San Diego, pp 125–180

    Google Scholar 

  • Cojocariu C, Escher P, Häberle KH, Matyssek R, Rennenberg H, Kreuzwieser J (2005) The effect of ozone on the emission of carbonyls from leaves of adult Fagus sylvatica. Plant Cell Environ 28:603–611

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Fassnacht KS, Gower ST, Norman JM, McMurtie RE (1994) A comparison of optical and direct methods for estimating foliage surface area in forests. Agric Forest Meteorol 71:183–207

    Google Scholar 

  • Ferdinand JA, Fredericksen TS, Kouterick KB, Skelly JM (2000) Leaf morphology and ozone sensitivity of two open pollinated genotypes of black cherry (Prunus serotina) trees. Environ Pollut 108:297–302

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Fine PVA, Miller ZJ, Mesones I, Irazuzta S, A|ppel HM, Stevens MHH, Sääksjärvi I, Schultz JC, Coley PD (2006) The growth-defense trade-off and habitat specialization by plants in Amazonian forests. Ecology 87(Suppl 7):150–162

    Google Scholar 

  • Fredericksen TS, Joyce BJ, Skelly JM, Steiner KC, Kolb TE, Kouterick KB, Savage JE, Snyder KR (1995) Physiology, morphology, and ozone uptake of leaves of black cherry seedlings, saplings, and canopy trees. Environ Pollut 89:273–283

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Fredericksen TS, Skelly JM, Steiner KC, Kolb TE, Kouterick KB (1996) Size-mediated foliar response to ozone in black cherry trees. Environ Pollut 91:53–63

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Gayler S, Leser C, Priesack E, Treutter D (2004) Modelling the effect of environmental factors on the “trade-off” between growth and defensive compounds in young apple trees. Trees 18:363–371

    Google Scholar 

  • Gazzarrini S, McCourt P (2003) Cross-talk in plant hormone signalling: what Arabidopsis mutants are telling us. Ann Bot (Lond) 91:605–612

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Genet A, Wernsdörfer H, Jonard M, Pretzsch H, Rauch M, Ponette Q, Nys C, Legout A, Ranger J, Vallet P, Saint-André L (2011) Ontogeny partly explains the apparent heterogeneity of published biomass equations for Fagus sylvatica in central Europe. Forest Ecol Manage 261:1188–1202

    Google Scholar 

  • Grams TEE, Kozovits AR, Reiter IM, Winkler JB, Sommerkorn M, Blaschke H, Häberle K-H, Matyssek R (2002) Quantifying competitiveness in woody plants. Plant Biol 4:153–158

    Google Scholar 

  • Grams TEE, Werner H, Kuptz D, Ritter W, Fleischmann F, Andersen C, Matyssek R (2011) A free-air system for long-term stable carbon isotope labeling of adult forest trees. Trees 25:187–198

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Grebenc T, Kraigher H (2007) Changes in the community of ectomycorrhizal fungi and increased fine root number under adult beech trees chronically fumigated with double ambient ozone concentration. Plant Biol 9:279–287

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Grime JP (1977) Evidence for the existence of three primary strategies in plants and its relevance to ecological and evolutionary theory. Am Nat 111:1169–1194

    Google Scholar 

  • Grote R, Reiter IM (2004) Competition-dependent modelling of foliage biomass in forest stands. Trees 18:596–607

    Google Scholar 

  • Grulke NE, Miller PR (1994) Changes in gas exchange characteristics during the life span of giant sequoia – implications for response to current and future concentrations of atmospheric ozone. Tree Physiol 14:659–668

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Grulke NE, Retzlaff WA (2001) Changes in physiological attributes of ponderosa pine from seedling to mature tree. Tree Physiol 21:275–286

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Haberer K, Grebenc T, Alexou M, Gessler A, Kraigher H, Rennenberg H (2007) Effects of long-term free-air ozone fumigation on δ15N and total N in Fagus sylvatica and associated mycorrhizal fungi. Plant Biol 9:242–252

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Haberer K, Herbinger K, Alexou M, Rennenberg H, Tausz M (2008) Effects of drought and canopy ozone exposure on antioxidants in fine roots of mature European beech (Fagus sylvatica). Tree Physiol 28:713–719

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Häberle K-H, Nunn AJ, Reiter IM, Werner H, Heller W, Bahnweg G, Gayler S, Lütz C, Matyssek R (2009) Variation of defence-related metabolites in the foliage of adult beech and spruce: a conceptual approach to approximating traded-off carbon. Eur J Forest Res 128:99–108

    Google Scholar 

  • Herbinger K, Then C, Löw M, Haberer K, Alexous M, Koch N, Remele K, Heerdt C, Grill D, Rennenberg H, Häberle K-H, Matyssek R, Tausz M, Wieser G (2005) Tree age dependence and within-canopy variation of leaf gas exchange and antioxidative defence in Fagus sylvatica under experimental free-air ozone exposure. Environ Pollut 137:476–482

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Herbinger K, Then C, Haberer K, Alexou M, Löw M, Remele K, Rennenberg H, Matyssek R, Grill D, Wieser G, Tausz M (2007) Gas exchange and antioxidative compounds in young beech trees under free-air ozone exposure and comparisons to adult trees. Plant Biol 9:288–297

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Herms DA, Mattson WJ (1992) The dilemma of plants: to grow or defend. Q Rev Biol 67:283–335

    Google Scholar 

  • Hruska J, Cermak J, Sustek S (1999) Mapping tree root systems with ground-penetrating radar. Tree Physiol 19:125–130

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • IPCC (2007) Climate change 2007: impacts, adaptations and vulnerability. In: Parry ML, Canziani OF, Palutikof JP, Van der Linden PJ, Hanson CE (eds) Contribution of the Working Group II for the fourth assessment report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge

    Google Scholar 

  • Jehnes S, Betz G, Bahnweg G, Haberer K, Sandermann H, Rennenberg H (2007) Tree internal signalling and defence reactions under ozone exposure in sun and shade leaves of European beech (Fagus sylvatica L.) trees. Plant Biol 9:253–264

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Karlsson PE, Uddling J, Braun S, Broadmeadow M, Elvira S, Gimeno B, Le Thiec D, Oksanen E, Vandermeiren K, Wilkinson M, Emberson LD (2004) Dose-response relationships for ozone impact on the biomass accumulation of young trees of different European species based on AOT40 and cumulative leaf uptake of ozone. Atmos Environ 38:2283–2295

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Karnosky DF, Werner H, Holopainen T, Percy K, Oksanen T, Oksanen E, Heerdt C, Fabian P, Nagy J, Heilman W, Cox R, Nelson N, Matyssek R (2007) Free-air exposure systems to scale up ozone research to mature trees. Plant Biol 9:181–190

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kesselmeier J, Staudt M (1999) Biogenic volatile organic compounds (VOC): an overview on emission, physiology and ecology. J Atmos Chem 33:23–88

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kitao M, Löw M, Heerdt C, Grams TEE, Häberle K-H, Matyssek R (2009) Effects of chronic elevated ozone exposure on gas exchange responses of adult beech trees (Fagus sylvatica) as related to the within-canopy light gradient. Environ Pollut 157:537–544

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kolb TE, Matyssek R (2001) Limitations and perspectives about scaling ozone impact in trees. Environ Pollut 115:373–393

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kolb TE, Fredericksen TS, Steiner KC, Skelly JM (1997) Issues in scaling tree size and age responses to ozone: a review. Environ Pollut 98:195–208

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Koricheva J, Larsson S, Haukioja E, Keinänen M (1998) Regulation of woody plant secondary metabolism by resource availability: hypothesis testing by means of meta-analysis. Oikos 83:212–226

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kozovits AR, Matysssek R, Blaschke H, Göttlein A, Grams TEE (2005) Competition increasingly dominates the responsiveness of juvenile beech and spruce to elevated CO2 and/or O3 concentrations throughout two subsequent growing seasons. Glob Change Biol 11:1387–1401

    Google Scholar 

  • Langebartels C, Kangasjärvi J (2004) Ethylene and jasmonate as regulators of cell death in disease resistance. In: Sandermann H (ed) Molecular ecotoxicology of plants, vol 170. Springer, Heidelberg, pp 75–109

    Google Scholar 

  • Lerdau M, Gershenzon J (1997) Allocation theory and chemical defense. In: Bazzaz FA, Grace J (eds) Plant resource allocation. Academic Press, San Diego, pp 265–277

    Google Scholar 

  • Löw M, Herbinger K, Nunn AJ, Häberle K-H, Leuchner M, Heerdt C, Werner H, Wipfler P, Pretzsch H, Tausz M, Matyssek R (2006) Extraordinary drought of 2003 overrules ozone impact on adult beech trees (Fagus sylvatica). Trees 20:539–548

    Google Scholar 

  • Luedemann G, Matyssek R, Fleischmann F, Grams TEE (2005) Acclimation to ozone affects host-pathogen interaction and competitiveness for nitrogen in juvenile Fagus sylvatica and Picea abies trees infected with Phytophthora citricola. Plant Biol 7:640–649

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Luedemann G, Matyssek R, Winkler JB, Grams TEE (2009) Contrasting ozone × pathogen interaction as mediated through competition between juvenile European beech (Fagus sylvatica) and Norway spruce (Picea abies). Plant Soil 323:47–60

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Lüttge U, Kluge M, Thiel G (2010) Botanik. Wiley-VCH, Weinheim

    Google Scholar 

  • Matyssek R, Sandermann H (2003) Impact of ozone on trees: an ecophysiological perspective, vol 64, Progress in botany. Springer, Heidelberg, pp 349–404

    Google Scholar 

  • Matyssek R, Reich PB, Oren R, Winner WE (1995) Response mechanisms of conifers to air pollutants. In: Smith WK, Hinckley TH (eds) Physiological ecology of coniferous forests, Physiological ecology series. Academic, New York, pp 255–308

    Google Scholar 

  • Matyssek R, Agerer R, Ernst D, Munch JC, Osswald W, Pretzsch H, Priesack E, Schnyder H, Treutter D (2005a) The plant’s capacity in regulating resource demand. Plant Biol 7:560–580

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Matyssek R, Wieser G, Nunn A, Löw M, Then C, Herbinger K, Blumenröther M, Alexou M, Jehnes S, Heerdt C, Koch N, Häberle K-H, Haberer K, Werner H, Tausz M, Fabian P, Rennenberg H, Grill D, Oßwald W (2005b) How sensitive are forest trees to ozone? – new research on an old issue. In: Omasa K, Nouchi I, de Kok LJ (eds) Plant response to air pollution and global change. Springer, Tokyo, pp 21–28

    Google Scholar 

  • Matyssek R, Bahnweg G, Ceulemans R, Fabian P, Grill D, Hanke DE, Kraigher H, Osswald W, Rennenberg H, Sandermann H, Tausz M, Wieser G (2007a) Synopsis of the CASIROZ case study: carbon sink strength of Fagus sylvatica L. in a changing environment – experimental risk assessment of mitigation by chronic ozone impact. Plant Biol 9:163–180

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Matyssek R, Bytnerowic A, Karlsson P-E, Paoletti E, Sanz M, Schaub M, Wieser G (2007b) Promoting the O3 flux concept for forest trees. Environ Pollut 146:587–607

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Matyssek R, Sandermann H, Wieser G, Booker F, Cieslik S, Musselman R, Ernst D (2008) The challenge of making ozone risk assessment for forest trees more mechanistic. Environ Pollut 156:567–582

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Matyssek R, Wieser G, Patzner K, Blaschke H, Häberle K-H (2009) Transpiration of forest trees and stands at different altitude: consistencies rather than contrasts. Eur J Forest Res 128:579–596

    Google Scholar 

  • Matyssek R, Wieser G, Ceulemans R, Rennenberg H, Pretzsch H, Haberer K, Löw M, Nunn AJ, Werner H, Wipfler P, Oßwald W, Nikolova P, Hanke DE, Kraigher H, Tausz M, Bahnweg G, Kitao M, Dieler J, Sandermann H, Herbinger K, Grebenc T, Blumenröther M, Deckmyn G, Grams TEE, Heerdt C, Leuchner M, Fabian P, Häberle K-H (2010) Enhanced ozone strongly reduces carbon sink strength of adult beech (Fagus sylvatica) Resume from the free-air fumigation study at Kranzberg Forest. Environ Pollut 158:2527–2532

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Matyssek R, Kosovits AR, Schnitzler J-P, Pretzsch H, Dieler J, Wieser G (2012) Forest trees under air pollution as a factor of climate change. In: Tausz M, Grulke N (eds) Trees in a changing environment: ecophysiology, adaptation and future survival, Plant ecophysiology series. Springer, Berlin (in press)

    Google Scholar 

  • Mehlhorn H, Wellburn AR (1987) Stress ethylene formation determines plant sensitivity to ozone. Nature 327:417–418

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Miller JD, Richard N, Arteca RN, Pell EJ (1999) Senescence-associated gene expression during ozone-induced leaf senescence in Arabidopsis. Plant Physiol 120(4):1015–1024

    PubMed  CAS  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Mutikainen P, Walls M, Ovasaka J, Keinänen M, Julkunen-Tiitto R, Vapaavuori E (2002) Costs of herbivore resistance in clonal saplings of Betula pendula. Oecologia 133:364–371

    Google Scholar 

  • Nemhauser JL, Fangxin Hong F, Chory J (2006) Different plant hormones regulate similar processes through largely nonoverlapping transcriptional responses. Cell 126:467–475

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Nikolova PS (2007) Below-ground competitiveness of adult beech and spruce trees: resource investments versus returns. Doctoral thesis, Weihenstephan Center of Life Sciences, TU München

    Google Scholar 

  • Nikolova PS, Raspe S, Andersen CP, Mainiero R, Helmut Blaschke H, Matyssek R, Häberle K-H (2009) Effects of the extreme drought in 2003 on soil respiration in a mixed forest. Eur J Forest Res 128:87–98

    Google Scholar 

  • Nikolova PS, Andersen CP, Blaschke H, Matyssek R, Häberle K-H (2010) Belowground effects of enhanced tropospheric ozone and drought in a beech/spruce forest (Fagus sylvatica L./Picea abies [L.] Karst). Environ Pollut 158:1071–1078

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Novák J (1975) Quantitative analysis by gas-chromatography. Marcel Dekker, New York

    Google Scholar 

  • Nunn AJ, Reiter IM, Häberle K-H, Werner H, Langebartels C, Sandermann H, Heerdt C, Fabian P, Matyssek R (2002) “Free-air” ozone canopy fumigation in an old-growth mixed forest: concept and observations in beech. Phyton 42:105–119

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Nunn AJ, Anegg S, Betz G, Simons S, Kalisch G, Seidlitz HK, Grams TEE, Häberle KH, Matyssek R, Bahnweg G, Sandermann H, Langebartels C (2005a) Role of ethylene in the regulation of cell death and leaf loss in ozone-exposed European beech. Plant Cell Environ 28:886–897

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Nunn AJ, Reiter IM, Häberle K-H, Langebartels C, Bahnweg G, Pretzsch H, Sandermann H, Matyssek R (2005b) Response pattern in adult forest trees to chronic ozone stress: identification of variations and consistencies. Environ Pollut 136:365–369

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Nunn AJ, Wieser G, Reiter IM, Häberle K-H, Grote R, Havranek WM, Matyssek R (2006) Testing the unifying theory of ozone sensitivity with mature trees of Fagus sylvatica and Picea abies. Tree Physiol 26:1391–1403

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Olbrich M, Gerstner E, Bahnweg G, Häberle K-H, Matyssek R, Welzl G, Ernst D (2010a) Transcriptional signatures in leaves of adult European beech trees (Fagus sylvatica L.) in an experimentally enhanced free air ozone setting. Environ Pollut 158:977–982

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Olbrich M, Knappe C, Wenig M, Gerstner E, Häberle K-H, Kitao M, Matyssek R, Stich S, Leuchner M, Werner H, Schlink K, Muller-Starck G, Welzl G, Scherb H, Ernst D, Heller W, Bahnweg G (2010b) Ozone fumigation (twice ambient) reduces leaf infestation following natural and artificial inoculation by the endophytic fungus Apiognomonia errabunda of adult European beech trees. Environ Pollut 158:1043–1050

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Pokorny R, Marek MV (2000) Test of accuracy of LAI estimation by LAI-2000 under artificially changed leaf to wood area proportions. Biol Plant 43:537–544

    Google Scholar 

  • Poorter H, Villar R (1997) The fate of aquired carbon in plants: chemical composition and construction costs. In: Bazzaz FA, Grace J (eds) Plant resource allocation. Academic Press, San Diego, pp 39–71

    Google Scholar 

  • Pretzsch H (2010) Re-evaluation of allometry: state-of-the-art and perspective regarding individuals and stands of woody plants, vol 71, Progress in botany. Springer, Heidelberg, pp 339–369

    Google Scholar 

  • Pretzsch H, Kahn M, Grote R (1998) Die Fichten-Buchen-Mischbestände des Sonderforschungsbereiches “Wachstum oder Parasitenabwehr?” im Kranzberger Forst. Forstwiss Cblt 117:241–257

    Google Scholar 

  • Pretzsch H, Dieler J, Matyssek R, Wipfler P (2010) Tree and stand growth of mature Norway spruce and European beech under long-term ozone fumigation. Environ Pollut 158:1061–1070

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Rebel K (1922) Wiederaufforstung der 1920er Windwurfflächen auf der schwäbischen-bayrischen Hochebene. Faksimile Ausgabe. Roland, Bremen

    Google Scholar 

  • Reich PB (1987) Quantifying plant response to ozone: a unifying theory. Tree Physiol 3:63–91

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Reiter IM (2004) Space-related resource investments and gains of adult beech and spruce as quantification of aboveground competitiveness. Doctoral thesis, Weihenstephan Center of Life Sciences, TU München

    Google Scholar 

  • Reiter IM, Häberle K-H, Nunn AJ, Heerdt C, Reitmayer H, Grote R, Matyssek R (2005) Competitive strategies in adult beech and spruce: space-related foliar carbon investment versus carbon gain. Oecologia 146:337–349

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Riefler M, Novak O, Strnad M, Schmülling T (2006) Arabidopsis cytokinin receptor mutants reveal functions in shoot growth, leaf senescence, seed size, germination, root development, and cytokinin metabolism. Plant Cell 18:40–54

    PubMed  CAS  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Ritter W, Andersen CP, Matyssek R, Grams TEE (2011) Carbon flux to woody tissues in a beech/spruce forest during summer and in response to chronic elevated O3 exposure. Biogeosci Discuss 8:4131–4161

    Google Scholar 

  • Rolland F, Baena-Gonzalez E, Sheen J (2006) Sugar sensing and signaling in plants: conserved and novel mechanisms. Ann Rev Plant Biol 57:675–709

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Ross JJ, Reid JB (1986) Intemode length in Pisum. The involvement of ethylene with the gibberellin-insensitive erectoides phenotype. Physiol Plant 67:673–679

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Ross JJ, Reid JB (2010) Evolution of growth-promoting plant hormones. Funct Plant Biol 37:795–805

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Ross JJ, Weston DE, Davidson SE, Reid JB (2011) Plant hormone interactions: how complex are they? Physiol Plant 141:299–309

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Samuelson LJ, Edwards GS (1993) A comparison of sensitivity to ozone in seedlings and trees of Quercus rubra L. New Phytol 125:373–379

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Samuelson LJ, Kelly JM, Mays PA, Edwards GS (1996) Growth and nutrition of Quercus rubra seedlings and mature trees after three seasons of ozone exposure. Environ Pollut 91:317–320

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Sandermann H (1996) Ozone and plant health. Ann Rev Phytopathol 34:347–366

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Sandermann H, Wellburn AR, Heath RL (1997) Forest decline and ozone: a comparison of controlled chamber and field experiments, vol 127, Ecological studies. Springer, Berlin

    Google Scholar 

  • Sandermann H, Ernst D, Heller W, Langebartels C (1998) Ozone: an abiotic elicitor of plant defence reactions. Trends Plant Sci 3:47–50

    Google Scholar 

  • Schulze ED, Beck E, Müller-Hohenstein K (2002) Pflanzenökologie. Spektrum Akademischer Verlag, Heidelberg

    Google Scholar 

  • Sharp RE, LeNoble ME, Else MA, Thorne ET, Gherardi F (2000) Endogenous ABA maintains shoot growth in tomato independently of effects on plant water balance: evidence for an interaction with ethylene. J Exp Bot 51:1575–1584

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Sitch S, Cox PM, Collins WJ, Huntingford C (2007) Indirect radiative forcing of climate change through ozone effects on the land-carbon sink. Nature 448:791–794

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Stamp N (2003) Out of the quagmire of plant defense hypotheses. Q Rev Biol 78:23–55

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Stockwell WR, Kirchner F, Kuhn M, Seefeld S (1997) A new mechanism for regional atmospheric chemistry modeling. J Geophys Res 102:25847–25879

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Taylor GE Jr, Hanson PJ (1992) Forest trees and tropospheric ozone. Role of canopy deposition and leaf uptake in developing exposure-response relationships. Agric Ecosyst Environ 42:255–273

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Tegischer K, Tausz M, Grill D, Wieser G (2002) Tree-age and needle-age dependent variations of antioxidants and photoprotective pigments in spruce needles at the alpine timberline. Tree Physiol 22:591–596

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Villar R, Robleto JR, de Jong Y, Poorter H (2006) Differences in construction costs and chemical composition between deciduous and evergreen woody species are small as compared to differences among families. Plant Cell Environ 29:1629–1643

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Weigt R (2010) Effects of elevated ground-level ozone on nitrogen acquisition of mature European beech (Fagus sylvatica) and Norway spruce (Picea abies) trees. Doctoral thesis, Weihenstephan Center of Life Sciences, TU München

    Google Scholar 

  • Wellburn FAM, Lau K-K, Milling MK, Wellburn AR (1996) Drought and air pollution affect nitrogen cycling and free-radical scavenging in Pinus halepensis Mill. J Exp Bot 47:1361–1367

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Werner H, Fabian P (2002) Free-air fumigation of mature trees. Environ Sci Pollut Res 9:117–121

    Google Scholar 

  • Wieser G, Tegischer K, Tausz M, Häberle K-H, Grams TEE, Matyssek R (2002a) Age effects on Norway spruce (Picea abies) susceptibility to ozone uptake: a novel approach relating stress avoidance to defense. Tree Physiol 22:583–590

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Wieser G, Hecke K, Tausz M, Häberle K-H, Grams TEE, Matyssek R (2002b) The role of antioxidative defense in determining ozone sensitivity of Norway spruce (Picea abies [L.] Karst.) across tree age: implications for the sun and shade crown. Phyton 42:245–253

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Wieser G, Hecke K, Tausz M, Häberle K-H, Grams TEE, Matyssek R (2003) The influence of microclimate and tree age on the defense capacity of European beech (Fagus sylvatica L.) against oxidative stress. Ann Forest Sci 60:131–135

    Google Scholar 

  • Winwood J, Pate AE, Price AJ, Hanke DE (2007) Effects of long-term, free-air ozone fumigation on the cytokinin content of mature beech trees. Plant Biol 9:265–278

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Wipfler P, Seifert T, Heerdt C, Werner H, Pretzsch H (2005) Growth of adult Norway spruce (Picea abies [L.] Karst.) and European beech (Fagus sylvatica L.) under free-air ozone fumigation. Plant Biol 7:611–618

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Wittmann C, Matyssek R, Pfanz H, Humar M (2007) Effects of ozone impact on the gas exchange and chlorophyll fluorescence of juvenile birch stems (Betula pendula Roth.). Environ Pollut 150:258–266

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Yamamoto F, Kozlowski TT (1987) Regulation by auxin and ethylene of responses of Acer negundo seedlings to flooding of soil. Environ Exp Bot 27:329–340

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Zeleznik P, Hrenko M, Then C, Koch N, Grebenc T, Levanic T, Kraigher H (2007) CASIROZ: root parameters and types of ectomycorrhiza of young beech plants exposed to different ozone and light regimes. Plant Biol 9:298–308

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Zellnig G, Tausz M, Pesec B, Grill D, Müller M (2000) Effects of glutathione on thiol redox systems, chromosomal aberrations, and the ultrastructure of meristematic root cells of Picea abies (L.) Karst. Protoplasma 212:227–235

    CAS  Google Scholar 

Download references

Acknowledgements

We gratefully acknowledge the technical assistance by Thomas Feuerbach, Peter Kuba, Josef Heckmair and Ilse Süß. We thank Prof. Dr. J. Fromm, Prof. Dr. C. Körner and Prof. Dr. U. Lüttge for helpful suggestions. The work had been funded within the interdisciplinary research programme “Growth and Parasite Defence” (SFB 607) by “Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft” and within the project CASIROZ (FP 5) by the European Commission (EVK2-2002-00165). We thank “Bayerische Staatsforsten” for providing the research site.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Chair of Ecophysiology of Plants, Technische Universität München, 85350, Freising, Germany

    K.-H. Häberle, R. Weigt, P. S. Nikolova, H. Blaschke & R. Matyssek

  2. CEA/Cadarache, DSV, DEVM, Laboratoire d’Ecophysiologie Moléculaire des Plantes, UMR 6191 CNRS-CEA-Université de la Méditerranée, 13108, Saint-Paul-lez-Durance, Cedex, France

    I. M. Reiter

  3. Institute of Forest Botany, Mendel University of Agriculture and Forestry, Zemedelska 3, Brno, 63800, Czech Republic

    J. Cermak

  4. Department of Alpine Timberline Ecophysiology, Federal Office and Research Centre for Forests, Rennweg 1, 6020, Innsbruck, Austria

    G. Wieser

  5. Chair of Forest Growth and Yield Science, Technische Universität München, 85350, Freising, Germany

    T. Rötzer & H. Pretzsch

Authors
  1. K.-H. Häberle
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. R. Weigt
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. P. S. Nikolova
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  4. I. M. Reiter
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  5. J. Cermak
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  6. G. Wieser
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  7. H. Blaschke
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  8. T. Rötzer
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  9. H. Pretzsch
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  10. R. Matyssek
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to K.-H. Häberle .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. Chair of Ecophysiology of Plants, Technical University of Munich Chair of Ecophysiology of Plants, Freising, Germany

    Rainer Matyssek

  2. Chair of Grassland Science, Technische Universität München, Freising, Germany

    Hans Schnyder

  3. Chair of Phytopathology of Woody Plants, Technische Universität München, Freising, Germany

    Wolfgang Oßwald

  4. Institute of Biochemcial Plant Biology, Helmholtz-Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany

    Dieter Ernst

  5. Institute of Soil Ecology, Helmholtz-Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany

    Jean Charles Munch

  6. LS Waldwachstumskunde, TU München LS Waldwachstumskunde, Freising, Germany

    Hans Pretzsch

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2012 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Häberle, KH. et al. (2012). Case Study “Kranzberger Forst”: Growth and Defence in European Beech (Fagus sylvatica L.) and Norway Spruce (Picea abies (L.) Karst.). In: Matyssek, R., Schnyder, H., Oßwald, W., Ernst, D., Munch, J., Pretzsch, H. (eds) Growth and Defence in Plants. Ecological Studies, vol 220. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-30645-7_11

Download citation

Publish with us

Policies and ethics

Search

Navigation