Abstract
Typical web applications employ a multi-tier architecture. Traditionally, a pool of physical servers is used to host web applications. To handle the dynamic workloads which characterize today’s web applications, several authors have proposed schemes for dynamic resource provisioning. Such schemes add more servers during peak loads and remove servers during other times. Advances in cloud computing technologies have created new perspectives for real-time dynamic provisioning. The elastic nature of cloud computing systems allows system administrators to quickly scale resources to respond to unexpected load changes. In such systems, dynamic provisioning is not only concerned with meeting Service Level agreements, but also must take into account monetary costs. In this paper, we exploit performance modeling in the context of cloud computing (Amazon EC2). Having such performance models enables understanding the trade-off between performance and cost, a cornerstone in developing dynamic provisioning performance management schemes.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Preview
Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.
References
Amazon Elastic Compute Cloud (Amazon EC2), http://aws.amazon.com/ec2/
Amazon CloudWatch, http://aws.amazon.com/cloudwatch/
VMware, http://www.vmware.com/
Xen, http://www.xen.org/
The Apache Software Foundation, http://www.apache.org/
Apache Tomcat, http://tomcat.apache.org/
IPVS Software, Advanced Layer-4 Switching, http://www.linuxvirtualserver.org/software/ipvs.html
MySQL, http://www.mysql.com/
nginx, http://nginx.org/
TPC-W, http://www.tpc.org/tpcw/
TPC-W Java Implementation, originated of PHARM at the University of Wisconsin - Madison, http://mitglied.multimania.de/jankiefer/tpcw/
Chen, Y., Iyer, S., Liu, X., Milojicic, D., Sahai, A.: Translating service level objectives to lower level policies for multi-tier services. Cluster Computing 11(3), 299–311 (2008)
Chen, Y., Iyer, S., Milojicic, D., Sahai, A.: A systematic and practical approach to generating policies from service level objectives. In: Proceedings of the Symposium on Integrated Network Management, pp. 89–96 (2009)
Chieu, T.C., Mohindra, A., Karve, A.A., Segal, A.: Dynamic scaling of web applications in a virtualized cloud computing environment. In: Proceedings of the Conference on e-Business Engineering, pp. 281–286 (2009)
Dutreilh, X., Rivierre, N., Moreau, A., Malenfant, J., Truck, I.: From data center resource allocation to control theory and back. In: Proceedings of the Conference on Cloud Computing, pp. 410–417 (2010)
Iqbal, W., Dailey, M.N., Carrera, D.: SLA-driven dynamic resource management for multi-tier web applications in a cloud. In: Proceedings of the Conference on Cluster, Cloud and Grid Computing, pp. 832–837 (2010)
Lim, H.C., Babu, S., Chase, J.S.: Automated control for elastic storage. In: Proceedings of the Conference on Autonomic Computing, pp. 1–10 (2010)
Liu, X., Heo, J., Sha, L.: Modeling 3-tiered web applications. In: Proceedings of the Symposium on Modeling, Analysis, and Simulation of Computer and Telecommunication Systems, pp. 307–310 (2005)
Menasce, D.A., Almeida, V.: Capacity Planning for Web Services: metrics, models, and methods. Prentice Hall, Upper Saddle River (2001)
Menascé, D.A., Almeida, V.A.F., Dowdy, L.W.: Performance by Design: Computer Capacity Planning By Example. Prentice-Hall, Upper Saddle River (2004)
Mi, N., Casale, G., Cherkasova, L., Smirni, E.: Burstiness in Multi-tier Applications: Symptoms, Causes, and New Models. In: Issarny, V., Schantz, R. (eds.) Middleware 2008. LNCS, vol. 5346, pp. 265–286. Springer, Heidelberg (2008)
Reiser, M., Lavenberg, S.S.: Mean-value analysis of closed multichain queuing networks. Journal of the ACM 27(2), 313–322 (1980)
Seidmann, A., Schweitzer, P., Shalev-Oren, S.: Computerized closed queueing network models of flexible manufacturing systems. Large Scale Systems 12(4), 91–107 (1987)
Singh, R., Sharma, U., Cecchet, E., Shenoy, P.: Autonomic mix-aware provisioning for non-stationary data center workloads. In: Proceeding of the Conference on Autonomic Computing, pp. 21–30 (2010)
Stewart, C., Kelly, T., Zhang, A.: Exploiting nonstationarity for performance prediction. In: Proceedings of the European Conference on Computer Systems, pp. 31–44 (2007)
Urgaonkar, B., Shenoy, P., Chandra, A., Goyal, P.: Dynamic provisioning of multi-tier Internet applications. In: Proceedings of the Conference on Automatic Computing, pp. 217–228 (2005)
Vaquero, L.M., Rodero-Merino, L., Buyya, R.: Dynamically scaling applications in the cloud. Computer Communication Review 41(1), 45–52 (2011)
Zhang, Q., Cherkasova, L., Smirni, E.: A regression-based analytic model for dynamic resource provisioning of multi-tier applications. In: Proceedings of the Conference on Autonomic Computing (2007)
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2012 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg
About this paper
Cite this paper
Al-Azzoni, I., Kondo, D. (2012). Cost-Aware Performance Modeling of Multi-tier Web Applications in the Cloud. In: Benlamri, R. (eds) Networked Digital Technologies. NDT 2012. Communications in Computer and Information Science, vol 293. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-30507-8_17
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-30507-8_17
Publisher Name: Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg
Print ISBN: 978-3-642-30506-1
Online ISBN: 978-3-642-30507-8
eBook Packages: Computer ScienceComputer Science (R0)