Skip to main content

A Review of the Knowledge Granulation Methods: Discrete vs. Continuous Algorithms

  • Chapter

Part of the book series: Intelligent Systems Reference Library ((ISRL,volume 43))

Abstract

The paradigm of granular rough computing has risen quite recently — was initiated by Professor Lotfi Zadeh in 1979. This paradigm is strictly connected with the Rough Set Theory, which was proposed by Professor Zdzisław Pawlak in 1982. Granular rough computing is a paradigm in which one deals with granules that are aggregates of objects connected together by some form of similarity. In the rough set theory granules are traditionally defined as indiscernibility classes, where as similarity relations we use rough inclusions. Granules have a really wide spectrum of application, starting from an approximation of decision systems and ending with an application to the classification process. In this article, approximation methods are shown in the framework of Rough Set Theory. In this chapter we introduce both discrete and continuous granular methods known in the literatureas well as our own modifications along with a practical description of the application of these methods. For described here granulation methods, we have chosen suitable methods of classification which can work properly with shown algorithms.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution.

Buying options

Chapter
USD   29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD   169.00
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD   219.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info
Hardcover Book
USD   219.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Learn about institutional subscriptions

Preview

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

References

  1. Arnold, V.I.: On functions of three variables. Dokl. Akad. Nauk 114, 679–681 (1957); English transl., Amer. Math. Soc. Transl. 28, 51–54 (1963)

    Google Scholar 

  2. Artiemjew, P.: On strategies of knowledge granulation and applications to decision systems. PhD Dissertation, Polish Japanese Institute of Information Technology, L. Polkowski, Supervisor, Warsaw (2009)

    Google Scholar 

  3. Artiemjew, P.: Rough Mereological Classifiers Obtained from Weak Variants of Rough Inclusions. In: Wang, G., Li, T., Grzymala-Busse, J.W., Miao, D., Skowron, A., Yao, Y. (eds.) RSKT 2008. LNCS (LNAI), vol. 5009, pp. 229–236. Springer, Heidelberg (2008)

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  4. Artiemjew, P.: On Classification of Data by Means of Rough Mereological Granules of Objects and Rules. In: Wang, G., Li, T., Grzymala-Busse, J.W., Miao, D., Skowron, A., Yao, Y. (eds.) RSKT 2008. LNCS (LNAI), vol. 5009, pp. 221–228. Springer, Heidelberg (2008)

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  5. Artiemjew, P.: Natural versus Granular Computing: Classifiers from Granular Structures. In: Chan, C.-C., Grzymala-Busse, J.W., Ziarko, W.P. (eds.) RSCTC 2008. LNCS (LNAI), vol. 5306, pp. 150–159. Springer, Heidelberg (2008)

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  6. Artiemjew, P.: Classifiers from granulated data sets: Concept dependent and layered granulation. In: Proceedings RSKD 2007. Workshop at ECML/PKDD 2007, pp. 1–9. Warsaw University Press, Warsaw (2007)

    Google Scholar 

  7. Bocheński, J. M.: Die Zeitgenössischen Denkmethoden. A. Francke AG Verlag, Bern (Swiss Fed.) (1954)

    Google Scholar 

  8. Hájek, P.: Metamathematics of Fuzzy Logic. Kluwer, Dordrecht (1998)

    Book  MATH  Google Scholar 

  9. Kolmogorov, A.N.: Representation of functions of many variables. Dokl. Akad. Nauk 114, 953–956 (1957); English transl., Amer. Math. Soc. Transl. 17, 369–373 (1961)

    MathSciNet  MATH  Google Scholar 

  10. Leśniewski, S.: Podstawy ogólnej teoryi mnogosci (On the foundations of set theory, in Polish). The Polish Scientific Circle, Moscow (1916); see also a later digest: Topoi 2, 7–52 (1982), and Foundations of the General Theory of Sets. I. In: Surma, S.J., Srzednicki, J., Barnett, D.I., Rickey, F.V. (eds.) S. Lesniewski. Collected Works, vol. 1, pp. 129-173. Kluwer, Dordrecht (1992)

    Google Scholar 

  11. Ling, C.-H.: Representation of associative functions. Publ. Math. Debrecen 12, 189–212 (1965)

    MathSciNet  Google Scholar 

  12. Marcus, S.: Tolerance rough sets, Cech topology, learning processes. Bulletin of the Polish Acad. Sci., Technical Sci. 42(3), 471–478 (1994)

    MATH  Google Scholar 

  13. Nieminen, J.: Rough tolerance equality. Fundamenta Informaticae 11, 289–294 (1988)

    MathSciNet  MATH  Google Scholar 

  14. Pawlak, Z.: Rough sets. Int. J. Computer and Information Sci. 11, 341–356 (1982)

    Article  MathSciNet  MATH  Google Scholar 

  15. Pawlak, Z.: Rough Sets: Theoretical Aspects of Reasoning about Data. In: System Theory, Knowledge Engineering and Problem Solving, vol. 9. Kluwer Academic Publishers, Dordrecht (1991)

    Google Scholar 

  16. Pawlak, Z., Skowron, A.: Rough membership functions. In: Yager, R.R., Fedrizzi, M., Kasprzyk, J. (eds.) Advances in the Dempster–Shafer Theory of Evidence, pp. 251–271. John Wiley and Sons, New York (1994)

    Google Scholar 

  17. Pawlak, Z., Skowron, A.: Rough sets: Some extensions. Information Sciences 177(1), 28–40 (2007)

    Article  MathSciNet  MATH  Google Scholar 

  18. Poincare, H.: Science et Hypothese, Paris (1905)

    Google Scholar 

  19. Polkowski, L., Skowron, A., Żytkow, J.: Tolerance based rough sets. In: Lin, T.Y., Wildberger, M. (eds.) Soft Computing: Rough Sets, Fuzzy Logic, Neural Networks, Uncertainty Management, Knowledge Discovery, pp. 55–58. Simulation Councils Inc., San Diego (1994)

    Google Scholar 

  20. Polkowski, L., Skowron, A.: Rough Mereology. In: Raś, Z.W., Zemankova, M. (eds.) ISMIS 1994. LNCS (LNAI), vol. 869, pp. 85–94. Springer, Heidelberg (1994)

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  21. Polkowski, L., Skowron, A.: Rough mereology: A new paradigm for approximate reasoning. International Journal of Approximate Reasoning 15(4), 333–365 (1997)

    Article  MathSciNet  Google Scholar 

  22. Polkowski, L.: A Rough Set Paradigm for Unifying Rough Set Theory and Fuzzy Set Theory (a plenary lecture). In: Wang, G., Liu, Q., Yao, Y., Skowron, A. (eds.) RSFDGrC 2003. LNCS (LNAI), vol. 2639, pp. 70–78. Springer, Heidelberg (2003); cf. also Fundamenta Informaticae 54, 67–88 (2003)

    Google Scholar 

  23. Polkowski, L.: Toward Rough Set Foundations. Mereological Approach (a plenary lecture). In: Tsumoto, S., Słowiński, R., Komorowski, J., Grzymała-Busse, J.W. (eds.) RSCTC 2004. LNCS (LNAI), vol. 3066, pp. 8–25. Springer, Heidelberg (2004)

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  24. Polkowski, L.: Formal granular calculi based on rough inclusions (a feature talk). In: Proceedings of the 2006 IEEE Int. Conference on Granular Computing, GrC 2006, pp. 57–62. IEEE Computer Society Press (2006)

    Google Scholar 

  25. Polkowski, L.: Granulation of Knowledge in Decision Systems: The Approach Based on Rough Inclusions. The Method and Its Applications. In: Kryszkiewicz, M., Peters, J.F., Rybiński, H., Skowron, A. (eds.) RSEISP 2007. LNCS (LNAI), vol. 4585, pp. 69–79. Springer, Heidelberg (2007)

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  26. Polkowski, L.: The paradigm of granular rough computing. In: Proceedings of the 6th IEEE Intern. Conf. on Cognitive Informatics (ICCI 2007), pp. 145–163. IEEE Computer Society Press, Los Alamitos (2007)

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  27. Polkowski, L.: A unified approach to granulation of knowledge and granular computing based on rough mereology: A Survey. In: Pedrycz, W., Skowron, A., Kreinovich, V. (eds.) Handbook of Granular Computing, pp. 375–401. John Wiley & Sons, New York (2008)

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  28. Polkowski, L., Artiemjew, P.: On Classifying Mappings Induced by Granular Structures. In: Peters, J.F., Skowron, A., Rybiński, H. (eds.) Transactions on Rough Sets IX. LNCS, vol. 5390, pp. 264–286. Springer, Heidelberg (2008)

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  29. Polkowski, L., Artiemjew, P.: A Study in Granular Computing: On Classifiers Induced from Granular Reflections of Data. In: Peters, J.F., Skowron, A., Rybiński, H. (eds.) Transactions on Rough Sets IX. LNCS (LNAI), vol. 5390, pp. 230–263. Springer, Heidelberg (2008)

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  30. Polkowski, L.: On the Idea of Using Granular Rough Mereological Structures in Classification of Data. In: Wang, G., Li, T., Grzymala-Busse, J.W., Miao, D., Skowron, A., Yao, Y. (eds.) RSKT 2008. LNCS (LNAI), vol. 5009, pp. 213–220. Springer, Heidelberg (2008)

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  31. Polkowski, L.: Granulation of knowledge: Similarity based approach in information and decision systems. In: Meyers, R. (ed.) Encyclopedia of Complexity and System Sciences, article 00788. Springer, Heidelberg (2009)

    Google Scholar 

  32. Słowiński, R., Vanderpooten, D.: Similarity relation as a basis for rough approximations. In: Wang, P.P. (ed.) Advances in Machine Intelligence & Soft-Computing, vol. IV, pp. 17–33. Bookwrights, Raleigh (1997)

    Google Scholar 

  33. Skowron, A., Rauszer, C.: The discernibility matrices and functions in information systems. In: Słowiński, R. (ed.) Intelligent Decision Support. Handbook of Applications and Advances of Rough Set Theory, pp. 331–362. Kluwer Academic Publishers, Dordrecht (1992)

    Google Scholar 

  34. Skowron, A.: Boolean Reasoning for Decision Rules Generation. In: Komorowski, J., Raś, Z.W. (eds.) ISMIS 1993. LNCS, vol. 689, pp. 295–305. Springer, Heidelberg (1993)

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  35. Skowron, A.: Extracting laws from decision tables. Computational Intelligence. An International Journal 11(2), 371–388 (1995)

    MathSciNet  Google Scholar 

  36. Skowron, A., Stepaniuk, J.: Generalized approximation spaces. In: Lin, T.Y., Wildberger, A.M. (eds.) The Third International Workshop on Rough Sets and Soft Computing Proceedings (RSSC 1994), San Jose, California, USA, November 10-12, pp. 56–163. San Jose State University (1994); see also: Skowron, A., Stepaniuk, J.: Generalized approximation spaces. ICS Research Report 41/94, Warsaw University of Technology (1994); see also Skowron, A., Stepaniuk, J.: Generalized approximation spaces. In: Lin, T.Y., Wildberger, A.M. (eds.) Soft Computing, pp. 18–21. Simulation Councils, Inc., San Diego (1995)

    Google Scholar 

  37. Skowron, A., Stepaniuk, J.: Tolerance approximation spaces. Fundamenta Informaticae 27(2/3), 245–253 (1996)

    MathSciNet  MATH  Google Scholar 

  38. Stepaniuk, J.: Rough - Granular Computing in Knowledge Discovery and Data Mining. Springer, Heidelberg (2008)

    MATH  Google Scholar 

  39. Zadeh, L.A.: Fuzzy sets and information granularity. In: Gupta, M., Ragade, R., Yager, R.R. (eds.) Advances in Fuzzy Set Theory and Applications, pp. 3–18. North Holland, Amsterdam (1979)

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Piotr Artiemjew .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2013 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Artiemjew, P. (2013). A Review of the Knowledge Granulation Methods: Discrete vs. Continuous Algorithms. In: Skowron, A., Suraj, Z. (eds) Rough Sets and Intelligent Systems - Professor Zdzisław Pawlak in Memoriam. Intelligent Systems Reference Library, vol 43. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-30341-8_4

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-30341-8_4

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg

  • Print ISBN: 978-3-642-30340-1

  • Online ISBN: 978-3-642-30341-8

  • eBook Packages: EngineeringEngineering (R0)

Publish with us

Policies and ethics