Abstract
Chemistry-climate models (CCMs) are important tools for simulating stratospheric ozone changes that arise from changes in ozone-depleting substances and greenhouse gases. Interest in providing reliable future projections of stratospheric ozone and its impact on climate has created a need to address how well the related key processes are represented in CCMs. The Chemistry-Climate Model Validation (CCMVal) activity is a response to this need. Here, the key processes and observations identified by CCMVal are reviewed. Results are presented to demonstrate the importance of a process-oriented and quantitative global model evaluation. In the future, similar evaluation strategies will be needed for Earth system models.
Keywords
These keywords were added by machine and not by the authors. This process is experimental and the keywords may be updated as the learning algorithm improves.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution.
Buying options
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Learn about institutional subscriptionsReferences
Bony, S., Colman, R., Kattsov, V.M., Allan, R.P., Bretherton, C.S., Dufresne, J.L., Hall, A., Hallegatte, S., Holland, M.M., Ingram, W., et al.: How well do we understand and evaluate climate change feedback processes? J. Clim. 19, 3445–3482 (2006)
Cadule, P., Friedlingstein, P., Bopp, L., Sitch, S., Jones, C.D., Ciais, P., Piao, S.L., Peylin, P.: Benchmarking coupled climate-carbon models against long-term atmospheric CO(2) measurements. Global Biogeochem. Cycles 24, Gb2016 (2010). doi:10.1029/2009gb003556
Curry, J.A.: Climate science and the uncertainty monster. Abstr, Pap. Amer. Chem. S (2011). 242
Emmons, L.K., Hauglustaine, D.A., Muller, J.F., Carroll, M.A., Brasseur, G.P., Brunner, D., Staehelin, J., Thouret, V., Marenco, A.: Data composites of airborne observations of tropospheric ozone and its precursors. J. Geophys. Res. 105, 20497–20538 (2000)
Eyring, V., Harris, N.R.P., Rex, M., Shepherd, T.G., Fahey, D.W., Amanatidis, G.T., Austin, J., Chipperfield, M.P., Dameris, M., Forster, P.M.F. et al.: A strategy for process-oriented validation of coupled chemistry-climate models. Bull. Am. Meteorol. Soc. 86, 1117–1133 (2005). doi:10.1175/Bams-86-8-1117
Eyring, V., Butchart, N., Waugh, D.W., Akiyoshi, H., Austin, J., Bekki, S., Bodeker, G.E., Boville, B.A., Bruhl, C., Chipperfield, M.P., et al.: Assessment of temperature, trace species, and ozone in chemistry-climate model simulations of the recent past. J. Geophys. Res. 111, D22308 (2006). doi:10.1029/2006jd007327
Eyring, V., Waugh, D.W., Bodeker, G.E., Cordero, E., Akiyoshi, H., Austin, J., Beagley, S.R., Boville, B.A., Braesicke, P., Bruhl, C., et al.: Multimodel projections of stratospheric ozone in the 21st century. J. Geophys. Res. 112, D16303 (2007). doi:10.1029/2006jd008332
Friedlingstein, P., Cox, P., Betts, R., Bopp, L., Von Bloh, W., Brovkin, V., Cadule, P., Doney, S., Eby, M., Fung, I., et al.: Climate-carbon cycle feedback analysis: results from the C(4)MIP model intercomparison. J. Clim. 19, 3337–3353 (2006)
Huntrieser, H., Schlager, H., Lichtenstern, M., Stock, P., Hamburger, T., Holler, H., Schmidt, K., Betz, H.D., Ulanovsky, A., Ravegnani, F.: Mesoscale convective systems observed during AMMA and their impact on the NOx and O3 budget over West Africa. Atmos. Chem. Phys. 11, 2503–2536 (2011). doi:10.5194/acp-11-2503-2011
IPCC: Climate Change 2007: The Physical Science Basis. Contribution of Working Group I to the Fourth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC). In: Solomon, S., Qin, D., Manning, M., Chen, Z., Marquis, M., Averyt, K.B., Tignor, M., Miller, H.L. (eds.) C. U. Press, Cambridge (2007)
Jöckel, P., Kerkweg, A., Pozzer, A., Sander, R., Tost, H., Riede, H., Baumgaertner, A., Gromov, S., Kern, B.: Development cycle 2 of the Modular Earth Submodel System (MESSy2). Geosci. Model Dev. 3, 717–752 (2010). doi:10.5194/gmd-3-717-2010
Knutti, R., Abramowitz, G., Collins, M., Eyring, V., Gleckler, P.J., Hewitson, B. Mearns, L.: Good Practice Guidance Paper on Assessing and Combining Multi Model Climate Projections. Meeting Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change Expert Meeting on Assessing and Combining Multi Model Climate Projections. In: Stocker, T.F., Qin, D., Plattner, G.-K., Tignor, M., Midgley, P.M. (eds.) IPCC Working Group I Technical Support Unit, University of Bern, Bern (2010a)
Knutti, R., Furrer, R., Tebaldi, C., Cermak, J., Meehl, G.A.: Challenges in combining projections from multiple climate models. J. Clim. 23, 2739–2758 (2010b). doi:10.1175/2009jcli3361.1
Kurz, C.: Entwicklung und Anwendung eines gekoppelten Klima-Chemie-Modellsystems, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, pp. 142 (2006)
Meijer, E.W., van Velthoven, P.F.J., Brunner, D.W., Huntrieser, H., Kelder, H.: Improvement and evaluation of the parameterisation of nitrogen oxide production by lightning. Phys. Chem. Earth. C 26, 577–583 (2001)
Pozzer, A., Jöckel, P., Kern, B., Haak, H.: The atmosphere-ocean general circulation model EMAC-MPIOM. Geosci. Model Dev. 4, 771–784 (2011). doi:10.5194/gmd-4-771-2011
Randerson, J.T., Hoffman, F.M., Thornton, P.E., Mahowald, N.M., Lindsay, K., Lee, Y.H., Nevison, C.D., Doney, S.C., Bonan, G., Stockli, R., et al.: Systematic assessment of terrestrial biogeochemistry in coupled climate-carbon models. Glob. Change Biol. 15, 2462–2484 (2009). doi:10.1111/j.1365-2486.2009.01912.x
SPARC-CCMVal: SPARC Report on the Evaluation of Chemistry-Climate Models.In: Eyring, V., Shepherd, T.G., Waugh, D.W. (eds.) SPARC Report No. 5, WCRP-132, WMO/TD-No. 1526. http://www.atmosp.physics.utoronto.ca/SPARC (2010)
Tebaldi, C., Arblaster, J.M., Knutti, R.: Mapping model agreement on future climate projections. Geophys. Res. Lett. 38, L23701 (2011). doi:10.1029/2011gl049863
Waugh, D.W., Eyring, V.: Quantitative performance metrics for stratospheric-resolving chemistry-climate models. Atmos. Chem. Phys. 8, 5699–5713 (2008)
WMO: Scientific Assessment of Ozone Depletion: 2006, World Meteorological Organization, Global Ozone Research and Monitoring Project, Geneva, 50, pp. 572 (2007)
WMO: Scientific Assessment of Ozone Depletion: 2010, World Meteorological Organization, Global Ozone Research and Monitoring Project Geneva, Switzerland, 52, pp. 516 (2011)
Zaehle, S., Friedlingstein, P., Friend, A.D.: Terrestrial nitrogen feedbacks may accelerate future climate change. Geophys. Res. Lett. 37, L01401 (2010). doi:10.1029/2009gl041345
Ziereis, H., Schlager, H., Schulte, P., Kohler, I., Marquardt, R., Feigl, C.: In situ measurements of the NOx distribution and variability over the eastern North Atlantic. J. Geophys. Res. 104, 16021–16032 (1999)
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2012 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Eyring, V., Friedlingstein, P., Huntrieser, H., Shepherd, T.G., Waugh, D.W. (2012). How Good are Chemistry-Climate Models?. In: Schumann, U. (eds) Atmospheric Physics. Research Topics in Aerospace. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-30183-4_46
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-30183-4_46
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg
Print ISBN: 978-3-642-30182-7
Online ISBN: 978-3-642-30183-4
eBook Packages: Physics and AstronomyPhysics and Astronomy (R0)