Abstract
The occiput posterior (OP) is considered to be the most common fetal malposition of a fetus in a cephalic presentation. Delivery of a fetus in an OP position could be either the result of the persistency of this position throughout the entire labor, called persistent occiput posterior position, or it may arise from a malrotation happening during the second stage of labor from an initial non-OP position.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
References
Cunningham FG, Leveno KJ, Bloom SL, Hauth JC, Rouse DJ, Spong CY (2011) Normal labor and delivery. In: Williams obstetrics, 23rd edn, Section 4, Chapter 17. McGraw-Hill Companies, New York, pp 374–409
Neri A, Kaplan B, Rabinerson D, Sulkes J, Ovadia J (1995) The management of persistent occiput posterior position. Clin Exp Obstet Gynecol 22:126–131
Ponkey SE, Cohen AP, Heffner LJ, Lieberman E (2003) Persistent fetal occiput posterior position: obstetrics outcomes. Obstet Gynecol 101:915–920
Dupuis O, Silveira R, Zentner A, Dittmar A, Gaucherand P, Cucherat M, Redarce T et al (2005) Birth simulator: reliability of transvaginal assessment of fetal head station as defined by the American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologist classification. Am J Obstet Gynecol 192:868–874
Rayburn WF, Siemers KH, Legino LJ, Nabity MR, Anderson JC, Patil KD (1989) Dystocia in late labor: determining fetal position by clinical and ultrasound techniques. Am J Perinatol 6:316–319
Barbera A, Hobbins JC (1997) Applicazioni di semeiotica ecografica in travaglio di parto. In: Gruppo di studio SIGO, Tecnologie informatiche e biofisiche in Ostetricia e Ginecologia. Trattato di Ecografia in Ostericia e Ginecologia. Prima edizione. Poletto Editore, pp 389–394
Akmal S, Tsoi E, Kametas N, Howard R, Nicolaides KH (2002) Intrapartum sonography to determine fetal head position. J Matern Fetal Neonatal Med 12:172–177
Akmal S, Kametas N, Tsoi E, Hargreaves C, Nicolaides KH (2003) Comparison of transvaginal digital examination with intrapartum sonography to determine fetal head position before instrumental delivery. Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol 21:437–440
Sherer DM, Miodovnik M, Bradley KS, Langer O (2002) Intrapartum fetal head position I: comparison between transvaginal digital examination and transabdominal ultrasound assessment during the active stage of labor. Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol 19:258–263
Sherer DM, Miodovnik M, Bradley KS, Langer O (2002) Intrapartum fetal head position II: comparison between transvaginal digital examination and transabdominal ultrasound assessment during the second stage of labor. Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol 19:264–268
Souka AP, Haritos T, Basayiannis K, Noikokyri N, Antsaklis A (2003) Intrapartum ultrasound for the examination of the fetal head position in normal and obstructed labor. J Matern Fetal Neonatal Med 13:59–63
Chou MR, Kreizer D, Taslimi MM, Druzin ML, El Sayed Y (2004) Vaginal versus ultrasound examination of fetal head position occiput position during the second stage of labor. Am J Obstet Gynecol 19:521–524
Blasi I, D’Amico R, Fenu V, Volpe A, Fuchs I, Henrich W, Mazza V (2010) Sonographic assessment of fetal spine and head position during the first and second stages of labor for the diagnosis of persistent occiput posterior position: a pilot study. Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol 35:210–215
Zahalka N, Sadan O, Malinger G, Liberati M, Boaz M, Glezerman M et al (2005) Comparison of transvaginal sonography with digital examination and transabdominal sonography for the determination of fetal head position in the second stage of labor. Am J Obstet Gynecol 193:381–386
Cunningham FG, Leveno KJ, Bloom SL, Hauth JC, Rouse DJ, Spong CY (2011) Abnormal labor and delivery. In: Williams obstetrics, 23rd edn, Section 4, Chapter 17. McGraw-Hill Companies, New York, pp 464–489
Akmal S, Tsoi E, Howard R, Osei E, Nicolaides KH (2004) Investigation of occiput posterior delivery by intrapartum sonography. Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol 24:425–428
Gardberg M, Laakkonen E, Salevaara M (1998) Intrapartum sonography and persistent occiput posterior position: a study of 408 deliveries. Obstet Gynecol 91:746–749
Cheng Y, Shaffer B, Caughey A (2006) The association between persistent occiput posterior position and neonatal outcomes. Obstet Gynecol 107:837–844
Akmal S, Tsoi E, Nicolaides KH (2004) Intrapartum sonography to determine fetal occiput position: interobserver agreement. Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol 24:421–424
Barbera A, Becker T, MacFarlane H, Hobbins JC (2003) Assessment of fetal head descent in labor with transperineal ultrasound. Teaching DVD. American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists, Washington, DC
Barbera AF, Pombar X, Perugino G, Lezotte DC, Hobbins JC (2009) A new method to assess fetal head descent in labor with transperineal ultrasound. Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol 33:313–319
Rane SM, Guirgis RR, Higgins B, Nicolaides KH (2004) The value of ultrasound in the prediction of successful induction of labor. Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol 24:538–549
Malvasi A, Tinelli A, Brizzi A, Guido M, Martino V, Casciaro S, Celleno D, Frigo MG, Stark M, Benhamou D (2010) Intrapartum sonography for occiput posterior detection in early low dose combined spinal epidural analgesia by sufentanil and ropivacaine. Eur Rew Med Pharmacol Sci 14:799–06
Lieberman E, Davidson K, Lee-Parritz A, Shearer E (2005) Changes in fetal position during labor and their association with epidural analgesia. Obstet Gynecol 105(5 Pt 1):974–982
Acknowledgment
The author wants to express his gratitude to Helen Macfarlane for the extensive and superb work in the production of the graphic representations.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2012 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Barbera, A.F., Tinelli, A., Pacella, E., Malvasi, A. (2012). Occiput Posterior Position and Intrapartum Sonography. In: Malvasi, A. (eds) Intrapartum Ultrasonography for Labor Management. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-29939-1_5
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-29939-1_5
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg
Print ISBN: 978-3-642-29938-4
Online ISBN: 978-3-642-29939-1
eBook Packages: MedicineMedicine (R0)