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Das Universum

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Vom Urknall zum modernen Menschen

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Zusammenfassung

Jahrhundertelange Entwicklung von astronomischen Teleskopen, modernen Instrumenten und analytischen Untersuchungsmethoden sowie, in neuester Zeit, von umfangreichen Computersimulationen deuten darauf hin, dass Urknall und Kältetod den Anfang und das Ende unserer Welt markieren. Weltmodelle und präzise Beobachtungen erlauben, die Entwicklung von extrem heißen Frühphasen des Universums, in der die chemischen Elemente entstanden sind, bis zur Bildung von Sternen, Galaxien und den Strukturen des heutigen Weltalls nachzuvollziehen. Zusätzlich ermöglichen sie, das zukünftige Schicksal unserer Welt vorherzusagen.

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Notes

  1. 1.

    Aus experimentellen wie theoretischen Gründen wird angenommen, dass Lichtquanten keine Masse besitzen, ihre Masse also exakt gleich null ist. Das Konzept einer fiktiven Masse m F = E / c2 hat aber eine gewisse Berechtigung, weil man beobachtet, dass bei der Absorption eines Photons mit Energie E in Atomen, die Atommasse sich um den Betrag m F vergrößert und bei der Emission um m F verkleinert.

  2. 2.

    Der französische Physiker Louis-Victor de Broglie postulierte 1924 den Welle-Teilchen-Dualismus, nach dem auch klassische Teilchen wie Elektronen und Protonen Welleneigenschaft zeigen müssten. Jedem Teilchen der Masse m kann eine De-Broglie-Wellenlänge λ aufgrund von h / λ = mc zugeordnet werden, was durch Interferenzexperimente voll bestätigt wurde.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Zentrum für Astronomie Heidelberg, Institut für Theoretische Astrophysik, Universität Heidelberg, Albert-Überle-Str. 2, 69120, Heidelberg, Deutschland

    Peter Ulmschneider

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Ulmschneider, P. (2014). Das Universum. In: Vom Urknall zum modernen Menschen. Springer Spektrum, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-29926-1_1

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