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Towards Practical Brain-Computer Interfaces pp 107–129Cite as

Introduction to Devices, Applications and Users: Towards Practical BCIs Based on Shared Control Techniques

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Part of the book series: Biological and Medical Physics, Biomedical Engineering ((BIOMEDICAL))

Abstract

Brain–Computer Interface (BCI) research is a currently very active and fast growing field, in particular in bringing the BCI out of the lab and moving from prototypes to real world applications such as brain-controlled writing applications, wheelchairs, and games. The research focus has been widened and BCIs are no longer only useful for patients, but also for healthy users, especially for BCI controlled or supported computer games. In this chapter, we focus on current devices and application scenarios for various user groups. Up to now, typical applications require a very good and precise control channel to achieve performances comparable to users without a BCI. However, current day BCIs offer low throughput information and are insufficient for the full dexterous control of such complex applications. Techniques like shared control can enhance the interaction to a similar level as without a BCI. With shared control the user is giving high-level commands on a low pace (e.g. directions of a wheelchair) and the system is executing fast and precise low-level interactions (e.g. obstacle avoidance). Furthermore, the performance of the applications can be improved by novel hybrid BCIs architectures, which are a synergetic combination of a BCI with other residual input channels. All together, modern human–computer interaction techniques combined with applications based on shared control principles which are controlled by a hybrid BCI are able to provide powerful interactions and applications for healthy and disabled users.

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Acknowledgements

The research leading to these results has received funding from the European Union Seventh Framework Programme ([FP7/2007-2013] under grant agreement TOBI: Tools for Brain-Computer Interaction (FP7-224631) and Opportunity: Activity and Context Recognition with Opportunistic Sensor Configuration (ICT-225938). The dissemination was supported by the European ICT coordination and support action Future BNCI (FP7-248320). This paper only reflects the authors’ views and funding agencies are not liable for any use that may be made of the information contained herein.

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  1. Chair in Non-Invasive Brain-Machine Interface, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne, Station 11, CH-1015, Switzerland

    Robert Leeb & José d. R. Millán

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  1. Robert Leeb
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Correspondence to José d. R. Millán .

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    Robert Leeb

  4. , School of Engineering, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology, EPFL STI-CNBI, ELB 138. Station 11, Lausanne, 1015, Switzerland

    José Del R. Millán

  5. , Faculty EEMCS, University of Twente, Enschede, 7500, Netherlands

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Leeb, R., Millán, J.d.R. (2012). Introduction to Devices, Applications and Users: Towards Practical BCIs Based on Shared Control Techniques. In: Allison, B., Dunne, S., Leeb, R., Del R. Millán, J., Nijholt, A. (eds) Towards Practical Brain-Computer Interfaces. Biological and Medical Physics, Biomedical Engineering. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-29746-5_6

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