Skip to main content

Stellar Activity Cycles and Contribution of the Deep Layers Knowledge

  • Chapter
  • First Online:
Stellar Pulsations

Part of the book series: Astrophysics and Space Science Proceedings ((ASSSP,volume 31))

  • 872 Accesses

Abstract

It is believed that magnetic activity on the Sun and solar-type stars are tightly related to the dynamo process driven by the interaction between rotation, convection, and magnetic field. However, the detailed mechanisms of this process are still incompletely understood. Many questions remain unanswered, e.g.: why some stars are more active than others?; why some stars have a flat activity?; why is there a Maunder minimum?; are all the cycles regular? A large number of proxies are typically used to study the magnetic activity of stars as we cannot resolve stellar discs. Recently, it was shown that asteroseismology can also be used to study stellar activity, making it an even more powerful tool. If short cycles are not so uncommon, we expect to detect many of them with missions such as CoRoT, Kepler, and possibly the PLATO mission. We will review some of the latest results obtained with spectroscopic measurements. We will show how asteroseismology can help us to better understand the complex process of dynamo and illustrate how the CoRoT and Kepler missions are revolutionizing our knowledge on stellar activity. A new window is being opened over our understanding of the magnetic variability of stars.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 129.00
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 169.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info
Hardcover Book
USD 169.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

References

  1. Aurière, M.: Stellar Polarimetry with NARVAL ESA Publications Series, vol. 9, p. 105 (2003)

    Google Scholar 

  2. Baglin, A., Auvergne, M., Boisnard, L., et al.: CoRoT: a high precision photometer for stellar evolution and exoplanet finding. COSPAR, Plenary Meeting 36, 3759 (2006)

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  3. Baliunas, S.L., Donahue, R.A., Soon, W.H., et al.: Chromospheric variations in main-sequence stars. ApJ 438, 269–287 (1995)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  4. Ballot, J., Turck-Chièze, S., García, R.A.: Seismic extraction of the convective extent in solar-like stars. The observational point of view. A&A 423, 1051–1061 (2004)

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  5. Ballot, J., Gizon, L., Samadi, R., et al.: Accurate p-mode measurements of the G0V metal-rich CoRoT target HD 52265. A&A 530, 97–108 (2011)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  6. Bauer, S.J., Lammer, H.: Planetary aeronomy: atmosphere environments in planetary systems. Springer (2004)

    Google Scholar 

  7. Bazot, M., Ireland, M.J., Huber, D., et al.: The radius and mass of the close solar twin 18 Scorpii derived from asteroseismology and interferometry. A&A 526, L4 (2011)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  8. Beck, P.G., Bedding, T.R., Mosser, B., et al.: Kepler detected gravity-mode period spacings in a red giant star. Science 332, 205 (2011)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  9. Beck, P.G., Montalban, J., Kallinger, T., et al.: Fast core rotation in red giant stars as revealed by gravity-dominated mixed modes. Nature 481, 55 (2012)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  10. Bedding, T.R., Mosser, B., Huber, D., et al.: Gravity modes as a way to distinguish between hydrogen- and helium-burning red giant stars. Nature 471, 608–611 (2011)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  11. Böhm-Vitense, E.: Chromospheric activity in G and K main-sequence stars, and what it tells us about stellar dynamos. ApJ 657, 486–493 (2007)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  12. Borucki, W.J., Koch, D., Basri, G., et al.: Kepler planet-detection mission: introduction and first results. Science 327, 977–980 (2010)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  13. Brown, T.M., Latham, D.W., Everett, M.E., Esquerdo, G.A.: Kepler input catalog: photometric calibration and stellar classification. AJ 142, 112–130 (2011)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  14. Campante, T.L., Handberg, R., Mathur, S., et al.: Asteroseismology from multi-month Kepler photometry: the evolved Sun-like stars KIC 10273246 and KIC 10920273. A&A 534, 6–20 (2011)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  15. Chaplin, W.J., Houdek, G., Appourchaux, T., et al.: Challenges for asteroseismic analysis of Sun-like stars. A&A 485, 813–822 (2008)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  16. Chaplin, W.J., Bedding, T.R., Bonanno, A., et al.: Evidence for the impact of stellar activity on the detectability of solar-like oscillations observed by Kepler. ApJ 732, L5–L11 (2011)

    Google Scholar 

  17. Chaplin, W.J., Kjeldsen, H., Christensen-Dalsgaard, J., et al.: Ensemble asteroseismology of solar-type stars with the NASA Kepler Mission. Science 332, 213–216 (2011)

    Google Scholar 

  18. Choudhuri, A.R., Schussler, M., Dikpati, M.: The solar dynamo with meridional circulation. A&A 303, 29–32 (1995)

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  19. Dikpati, M.: Solar magnetic fields and the dynamo theory. Adv. Spa. Res. 35, 322–328 (2005)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  20. Donati, J.-F.: ESPaDOnS: An Echelle SpectroPolarimetric Device for the Observation of Stars at CFHT. ASPC Series 307, 41 (2003)

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  21. Dorren, J.D.: A new formulation of the starspot model, and the consequences of starspot structure. ApJ 320, 756–767 (1987)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  22. Fares, R., Donati, J.-F., Moutou, C., et al.: Magnetic cycles of the planet-hosting star τ Bootis - II. A second magnetic polarity reversal. MNRAS 398, 1383–1391 (2009)

    Google Scholar 

  23. Frasca, A., Frhlich, H.-E., Bonanno, A., et al.: Magnetic activity and differential rotation in the very young star KIC 8429280. A&A 532, 81 (2011)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  24. García, R.A., Mathur, S., Salabert, D., et al.: CoRoT reveals a magnetic activity cycle in a Sun-like star. Science 329, 1032 (2010)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  25. Hall, J.C., Lockwood, G.W.: Evidence of a pronounced activity cycle in the solar twin 18 scorpii. ApJ 545, L43–L45 (2000)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  26. Howe, R., Christensen-Dalsgaard, J., Hill, F., et al. A note on the torsional oscillation at solar minimum. ApJL 701, 87–90 (2009)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  27. Kashyap, V.L., Drake, J.J., Saar, S.H.: Extrasolar giant planets and x-ray activity. ApJ 687, 1339–1354 (2008)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  28. Jouve, L., Brun, A.S., Arlt, R., et al.: A solar mean field dynamo benchmark. A&A 483, 949–960 (2008)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  29. Jouve, L., Brown, B.P., Brun, A.S.: Exploring the P cyc vs. P rot relation with flux transport dynamo models of solar-like stars. A&A 509, 32 (2010)

    Google Scholar 

  30. Lanza, A.F., Rodono, M., Pagano, I., et al.: Modelling the rotational modulation of the Sun as a star. A&A 403, 1135–1149 (2003)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  31. Lanza, A.F., Aigrain, S., Messina, S., et al.: Photospheric activity and rotation of the planet-hosting star CoRoT-4a. A&A 506, 255–262 (2009)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  32. MacGregor, K.B., Charbonneau, P.: Solar interface dynamos. I. Linear, kinematic models in cartesian geometry. ApJ 486, 484–501 (1997)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  33. Mathur, S., García, R.A., Catala, C., et al.: The solar-like CoRoT target HD 170987: spectroscopic and seismic observations. A&A, 518, 53–65 (2010)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  34. Mathur, S., Handberg, R., Campante, T.L., et al.: Solar-like Oscillations in KIC 11395018 and KIC 11234888 from 8 Months of Kepler data. ApJ 733, 95–105 (2011)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  35. Mathur, S., Metcalfe, T., Woitaszek, M., et al.: A uniform asteroseismic analysis of 22 solar-type stars observed by Kepler. ApJ 749, 152 (2012)

    Google Scholar 

  36. Metcalfe, T.S., Dziembowski, W.A., Judge, P.G., et al.: Asteroseismic signatures of stellar magnetic activity cycles. MNRAS 379, L16–L20 (2007)

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  37. Metcalfe, T.S., Monteiro, M.J.P.F.G., Thompson, M.J., et al.: A precise asteroseismic age and radius for the evolved Sun-like star KIC 11026764. ApJ 723, 1583–1598 (2010)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  38. Metcalfe, T.S., Basu, S., Henry, T.J., et al.: Discovery of a 1.6 year magnetic activity cycle in the exoplanet host star ι Horologii. ApJ 723, L213–L217 (2010)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  39. Mosser, B., Baudin, F., Lanza, A.F., et al.: Short-lived spots in solar-like stars as observed by CoRoT. A&A 506, 245–254 (2009)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  40. Petit, P., Dintrans, B., Solanki, S.K., et al.: Toroidal versus poloidal magnetic fields in Sun-like stars: a rotation threshold. MNRAS 388, 80–88 (2008)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  41. Petit, P., Dintrans, B., Morgenthaler, A., et al.: A polarity reversal in the large-scale magnetic field of the rapidly rotating sun HD 190771. A&A 508, L9–L12 (2009)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  42. Poppenhaeger, K., Schmitt, J.H.M.M.: A correlation between host star activity and planet mass for close-in extrasolar planets? ApJ 735, 59 (2011)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  43. Radick, R.R., Lockwood, G.W., Skiff, B.A., et al.: Patterns of variation among Sun-like stars. ApJS 118, 239–258 (1998)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  44. Ribas, I., Guinan, E.F., Güdel, M., et al.: Evolution of the solar activity over time and effects on planetary atmospheres. I. High-energy irradiances (1–1700). ApJ 622, 680–694 (2005)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  45. Ribas, I., Porto de Mello, G.F., Ferreira, L.D., et al.: Evolution of the solar activity over time and effects on planetary atmospheres. II. κ1 Ceti, an analog of the Sun when life arose on Earth. ApJ 714, 384–395 (2010)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  46. Salabert, D., García, R.A., Pallé, P.L., et al.: The onset of solar cycle 24. What global acoustic modes are telling us. A&A 504, L1–L4 (2009)

    Google Scholar 

  47. Salabert, D., Régulo, C., Ballot, J., et al.: About the p-mode frequency shifts in HD 49933. A&A 530, 127 (2011)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  48. Scharf, C.A.: Possible constraints on exoplanet magnetic field strengths from planet-star interaction. ApJ 722, 1547–1555 (2010)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  49. Shkolnik, E., Walker, G.A.H., Bohlender, D.A., et al.: Hot Jupiters and Hot spots: The short- and long-term chromospheric activity on stars with giant planets. ApJ 622, 1075–1090 (2005)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  50. Saar, S.H., Brandenburg, A.: A new look at dynamo cycle amplitudes. AN 323, 357–360 (2002)

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  51. Wilson, O.C.: Chromospheric variations in main-sequence stars. ApJ 226, 379–396 (1978)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  52. Wood, B.E., Müller, H.-R., Zank, G.P., et al.: Measured mass-loss rates of solar-like stars as a function of age and activity. 574, 412–425 (2002)

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Acknowledgements

NCAR is supported by the National Science Foundation. This research was supported in part by the National Science Foundation under Grant No. NSF PHY05-51164.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to S. Mathur .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2013 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Mathur, S. (2013). Stellar Activity Cycles and Contribution of the Deep Layers Knowledge. In: Suárez, J., Garrido, R., Balona, L., Christensen-Dalsgaard, J. (eds) Stellar Pulsations. Astrophysics and Space Science Proceedings, vol 31. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-29630-7_44

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-29630-7_44

  • Published:

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg

  • Print ISBN: 978-3-642-29629-1

  • Online ISBN: 978-3-642-29630-7

  • eBook Packages: Physics and AstronomyPhysics and Astronomy (R0)

Publish with us

Policies and ethics