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International Conference on Tools and Algorithms for the Construction and Analysis of Systems

TACAS 2012: Tools and Algorithms for the Construction and Analysis of Systems pp 188–203Cite as

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Modeling and Verification of a Dual Chamber Implantable Pacemaker

Modeling and Verification of a Dual Chamber Implantable Pacemaker

  • Zhihao Jiang18,
  • Miroslav Pajic18,
  • Salar Moarref18,
  • Rajeev Alur18 &
  • …
  • Rahul Mangharam18 
  • Conference paper
  • 2517 Accesses

  • 67 Citations

Part of the Lecture Notes in Computer Science book series (LNTCS,volume 7214)

Abstract

The design and implementation of software for medical devices is challenging due to their rapidly increasing functionality and the tight coupling of computation, control, and communication. The safety-critical nature and the lack of existing industry standards for verification, make this an ideal domain for exploring applications of formal modeling and analysis. In this study, we use a dual chamber implantable pacemaker as a case study for modeling and verification of control algorithms for medical devices in UPPAAL. We begin with detailed models of the pacemaker, based on the specifications and algorithm descriptions from Boston Scientific. We then define the state space of the closed-loop system based on its heart rate and developed a heart model which can non-deterministically cover the whole state space. For verification, we first specify unsafe regions within the state space and verify the closed-loop system against corresponding safety requirements. As stronger assertions are attempted, the closed-loop unsafe state may result from healthy open-loop heart conditions. Such unsafe transitions are investigated with two clinical cases of Pacemaker Mediated Tachycardia and their corresponding correction algorithms in the pacemaker. Along with emerging tools for code generation from UPPAAL models, this effort enables model-driven design and certification of software for medical devices.

Keywords

  • Medical Devices
  • Implantable Pacemaker
  • Software Verification
  • Cyber-Physical Systems

This research was partially supported by NSF research grants MRI 0923518, CNS 0931239, CNS 1035715 and CCF 0915777.

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Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA

    Zhihao Jiang, Miroslav Pajic, Salar Moarref, Rajeev Alur & Rahul Mangharam

Authors
  1. Zhihao Jiang
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  2. Miroslav Pajic
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  3. Salar Moarref
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  4. Rajeev Alur
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  5. Rahul Mangharam
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Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. University of California at Santa Cruz, 1156 High Street, 95064, Santa Cruz, CA, USA

    Cormac Flanagan

  2. Fakultät für Ingenieurwesen, Abteilung für Informatik und Angewandte Kognitionswissenschaft, Universität Duisburg-Essen, Lotharstraße 65, 47057, Duisburg, Germany

    Barbara König

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Cite this paper

Jiang, Z., Pajic, M., Moarref, S., Alur, R., Mangharam, R. (2012). Modeling and Verification of a Dual Chamber Implantable Pacemaker. In: Flanagan, C., König, B. (eds) Tools and Algorithms for the Construction and Analysis of Systems. TACAS 2012. Lecture Notes in Computer Science, vol 7214. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-28756-5_14

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