Skip to main content

Measuring XML Structured-ness with Entropy

  • Conference paper

Part of the Lecture Notes in Computer Science book series (LNISA,volume 7142)

Abstract

XML is semi-structured. It can be used to annotate unstructured data, to represent structured data and almost anything in-between. Yet, it is unclear how to formally characterize, yet to quantify, structured-ness of XML. In this paper we propose and evaluate entropy-based metrics for XML structured-ness. The metrics measure the structural uniformity of path and subtrees, respectively. We empirically study the correlation of these metrics with real and synthetic data sets.

Keywords

  • Block Street
  • Tree Edit Distance
  • Twig Pattern
  • Synthetic Document
  • Student Student

These keywords were added by machine and not by the authors. This process is experimental and the keywords may be updated as the learning algorithm improves.

This is a preview of subscription content, access via your institution.

Buying options

Chapter
USD   29.95
Price excludes VAT (Canada)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD   54.99
Price excludes VAT (Canada)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD   69.99
Price excludes VAT (Canada)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Learn about institutional subscriptions

Preview

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

References

  1. Barbosa, D., Mendelzon, A.O., Keenleyside, J., Lyons, K.A.: ToXgene: An Extensible Template-Based Data Generator for XML. In: WebDB (2002)

    Google Scholar 

  2. Basci, D., Misra, S.: Entropy metric for xml dtd documents. ACM SIGSOFT Software Engineering Notes 33(4) (2008)

    Google Scholar 

  3. Buttler, D.: A Short Survey of Document Structure Similarity Algorithms. In: International Conference on Internet Computing, pp. 3–9 (2004)

    Google Scholar 

  4. Chawathe, S.S.: Comparing Hierarchical Data in External Memory. In: VLDB (1999)

    Google Scholar 

  5. Cobena, G., Abiteboul, S., Marian, A.: Detecting changes in xml documents. In: ICDE, pp. 41–52 (2002)

    Google Scholar 

  6. Fuhr, N., Großjohann, K.: XIRQL: An XML Query Language Based on Information Retrieval Concepts. ACM Trans. Inf. Syst. 22(2), 313–356 (2004)

    CrossRef  Google Scholar 

  7. Grabs, T., Schek, H.-J.: Generating Vector Spaces On-the-fly for Flexible XML Retrieval. In: XML and Information Retrieval Workshop at SIGIR (2002)

    Google Scholar 

  8. Kriegel, H.-P., Schönauer, S.: Similarity Search in Structured Data. In: Kambayashi, Y., Mohania, M., Wöß, W. (eds.) DaWaK 2003. LNCS, vol. 2737, pp. 309–319. Springer, Heidelberg (2003)

    CrossRef  Google Scholar 

  9. Kurita, T.: An efficient agglomerative clustering algorithm using a heap. Pattern Recognition 24(3), 205–209 (1991)

    CrossRef  MathSciNet  Google Scholar 

  10. Nierman, A., Jagadish, H.V.: Evaluating structural similarity in xml documents. In: WebDB, pp. 61–66 (2002)

    Google Scholar 

  11. Sanz, I., Mesiti, M., Guerrini, G., Llavori, R.B.: An Entropy-Based Characterization of the Heterogeneity of XML Collections. In: DEXA Workshops (2008)

    Google Scholar 

  12. Tekli, J., Chbeir, R., Yétongnon, K.: Structural Similarity Evaluation between XML Documents and Dtds. In: Benatallah, B., Casati, F., Georgakopoulos, D., Bartolini, C., Sadiq, W., Godart, C. (eds.) WISE 2007. LNCS, vol. 4831, pp. 196–211. Springer, Heidelberg (2007)

    CrossRef  Google Scholar 

  13. Wu, H., Ling, T.W., Chen, B., Xu, L.: Twigtable: Using Semantics in XML Twig Pattern Query Processing. In: Spaccapietra, S. (ed.) Journal on Data Semantics XV. LNCS, vol. 6720, pp. 102–129. Springer, Heidelberg (2011)

    CrossRef  Google Scholar 

  14. Zhang, K., Shasha, D.: Simple fast algorithms for the editing distance between trees and related problems. SIAM J. Comput. 18(6), 1245–1262 (1989)

    CrossRef  MathSciNet  MATH  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

Rights and permissions

Reprints and Permissions

Copyright information

© 2012 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg

About this paper

Cite this paper

Tang, R., Wu, H., Bressan, S. (2012). Measuring XML Structured-ness with Entropy. In: Wang, L., Jiang, J., Lu, J., Hong, L., Liu, B. (eds) Web-Age Information Management. WAIM 2011. Lecture Notes in Computer Science, vol 7142. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-28635-3_10

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-28635-3_10

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg

  • Print ISBN: 978-3-642-28634-6

  • Online ISBN: 978-3-642-28635-3

  • eBook Packages: Computer ScienceComputer Science (R0)