Abstract
It has long been recognized that interactive cooperative behavior within biological groups or “swarms” is advantageous in avoiding predators or, vice versa, in capturing prey. For example, one of the primary advantages of a swarm-like decentralized decision making structure is that there is no leader and thus the vulnerability of the swarm is substantially reduced. Furthermore, the decision making is relatively simple and rapid for each individual, however, the aggregate behavior of the swarm can be quite sophisticated.
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- 1.
Finding the least expensive route for traveling to a number of given locations, given the costs for each connection route.
- 2.
The swarm member centers, which are initially nonintersecting, cannot intersect later due to the singular repulsion terms.
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Zohdi, T.I. (2012). An Introduction to Mechanistic Modeling of Swarms. In: Dynamics of Charged Particulate Systems. SpringerBriefs in Applied Sciences and Technology(). Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-28519-6_5
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