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MicroRNAs in Plant Development and Stress Responses pp 1–28Cite as

Small RNAs in Plants

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Part of the book series: Signaling and Communication in Plants ((SIGCOMM,volume 15))

Abstract

Small RNAs associated with RNA silencing have emerged as an essential regulatory component in eukaryotes. Although their widespread existence was revealed only a decade ago, remarkable progress has been made toward our understanding of their biogenesis and cellular function. In plants, the small RNA-mediated regulatory mechanisms are involved in many important biological processes including developmental timing, pattern formation, epigenetic silencing of transposable elements, response to environmental stress, and defense against invading pathogens. Emerging evidence also indicates the involvement of small RNAs in epigenetic reprogramming associated with germ cell and embryo development during sexual reproduction. In this chapter, we provide an overview on the conserved molecular machinery that has evolved to give rise to microRNAs (miRNAs) and several distinct classes of small interfering RNAs (siRNAs) in plants, including heterochromatin-associated siRNAs (hc-siRNAs), trans-acting siRNAs (ta-siRNAs), and natural cis-antisense transcripts-associated siRNAs (nat-siRNAs). These are followed by a description on the cellular function and regulatory targets for each class of these endogenous small RNAs. While the focus of the book is on miRNAs, it is our hope that this chapter will serve as a brief introduction to the plant small RNA world.

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Acknowledgments

We thank Matthew Olson for critically reading the manuscript. We apologize to colleagues whose relevant work could not be covered due to space limitations. Research in our laboratory is currently supported by grants from the US National Institutes of Health and the Southwest Consortium on Plant Genetics and Water Resources (to Z.X.).

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  1. Department of Biological Sciences, Texas Tech University, 43131, Lubbock, TX, 79409, USA

    Zhixin Xie, Gengxiang Jia & Arnab Ghosh

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Correspondence to Zhixin Xie .

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  1. , Dept. Biochemistry & Molecular Biol, Oklahoma State University, Noble Research Center 246, Stillwater, 74078, Oklahoma, USA

    Ramanjulu Sunkar

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Xie, Z., Jia, G., Ghosh, A. (2012). Small RNAs in Plants. In: Sunkar, R. (eds) MicroRNAs in Plant Development and Stress Responses. Signaling and Communication in Plants, vol 15. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-27384-1_1

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