Abstract
The isolation of Antarctica from South America during the Oligocene (~35 mya) formed the Southern Ocean, generated the northward flow of the Atlantic Antarctic Bottom Water, and numerous unique geological and oceanic processes (e.g. an active spreading centre in the Bransfield Strait, ridge trench collision, gas hydrates on modern sediments, and complex circulation) along the northern end of the Antarctic Peninsula in particular (Barker and Burrell 1982; Pearse et al. 2001; Barker and Thomas 2004; Thomson 2004; Turner et al. 2009).
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Acknowledgments
Data have been gathered under the CAML umbrella and in projects funded by CNPq IPY Project MABIREH (Process No. 52.0293/2006-1), the Brazilian National Institute of Science and Technology on Antarctic Environmental Research (INCT-APA) funded through CNPq (Process No. 574018/2008-5), FAPERJ (Process No. E-26170.023/2008), and CNPq Project Southern Ocean Benthic Observing Systems (SOBE, Process No. 557126/2009-6). Sampling and data integration have been supported by the Ministry of Science, Technology and Innovation (MCTI), Ministry of Environment (MMA), and Interministerial Secretariat for the Brazilian Marine Resources (SECIRM). We thank all the personnel involved in this work. The order of authors is alphabetical, except for the first author. Anonymous reviewers are thanked for their useful comments and contribution to this chapter. This is an EBA contribution under Workpackage 4.
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Campos, L.S. et al. (2013). Environmental Processes, Biodiversity and Changes in Admiralty Bay, King George Island, Antarctica. In: Verde, C., di Prisco, G. (eds) Adaptation and Evolution in Marine Environments, Volume 2. From Pole to Pole. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-27349-0_8
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