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Article 22: Conference of Parties

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The UNESCO Convention on the Protection and Promotion of the Diversity of Cultural Expressions

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Abstract

Article 22 deals with the Conference of Parties (CoP), the plenary body of the Convention. Plenary assemblies in which all members are represented are a common feature in the institutional structure of international organizations. They serve as a forum to keep members informed of developments concerning the organization and contribute to giving content to the goals of the organization.

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Notes

  1. 1.

    Schermers, H. G., & Blokker, N. M. (2003). International institutional law. Leiden: Martinus Nijhoff Publishers, pp. 290–291.

  2. 2.

    Amerasinghe, C. F. (2005). Principles of the institutional law of international organizations. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, p. 132.

  3. 3.

    Churchill, R. R., & Ulfstein G. (2000). Autonomous institutional arrangements in multilateral environmental agreements: a little-noticed phenomenon in international law. American Journal of International Law, 94(4), 623–659, pp. 623–625.

  4. 4.

    Churchill, R. R., & Ulfstein G. (2000). Autonomous institutional arrangements in multilateral environmental agreements: a little-noticed phenomenon in international law. American Journal of International Law, 94(4), 623–659, pp. 623–626.

  5. 5.

    Examples of international environmental treaties establishing plenary bodies include the 1971 Convention on Wetlands of International Importance (CWII); the 1973 Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora (CITES); the 1979 Convention on the Conservation of Migratory Species of Wild Animals (CMS); the 1985 Convention for the Protection of the Ozone Layer (CPOL); the 1992 United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC), together with the Kyoto Protocol of 1997; the 1992 Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD), together with the Cartagena Protocol on Biosafety of 2000; the 1994 Convention to Combat Desertification in Those Countries Experiencing Serious Drought and/or Desertification, Particularly in Africa (CCDCESDD); and the 1998 Rotterdam Convention on the Prior Informed Consent Procedure for Certain Hazardous Chemicals and Pesticides in International Trade (Rotterdam Convention).

  6. 6.

    The seven UNESCO conventions are the Universal Copyright Convention (1952, 1971) (UCRC), the Convention for the Protection of Cultural Property in the Event of Armed Conflict (1954) (CPCPEAC), the Convention on the Means of Prohibiting and Preventing the Illicit Import, Export and Transfer of Ownership of Cultural Property (1970) (CCP), the Convention on the Protection of the World Cultural and Natural Heritage (1972) (WHC), the Convention on the Protection of the Underwater Cultural Heritage (2001) (CPUH), the Convention for the Safeguarding of Intangible Cultural Heritage (2003) (CSICH), and the Convention for the Protection and Promotion of the Diversity of Cultural Expressions (2005) (CCD).

  7. 7.

    Article XII UCRC, and Article 39 CPCPEAC.

  8. 8.

    See below, Sect. 2 of this comment.

  9. 9.

    UNESCO Doc. CLT/CPD/2004/603/5 of 23 June 2004, p. 8.

  10. 10.

    UNESCO Doc. CLT/CPD/2003-608/01 of 20 February 2004, pp. 8–9.

  11. 11.

    Working Document A—Second Meeting of Experts, p. 28 verso. Unpublished document, on file with the author.

  12. 12.

    Cp. Working Document A—Second Meeting of Experts, p. 28 verso. Unpublished document, on file with the author.

  13. 13.

    UNESCO Doc. CLT/CPD/2004/602/6 of 14 May 2004, p. 11.

  14. 14.

    UNESCO Doc. CLT/CPD/2004/603/5 of 23 June 2004, p. 8.

  15. 15.

    UNESCO Doc. CLT/CPD/2004/CONF-201/2 of July 2004.

  16. 16.

    UNESCO Doc. CLT-2004/CONF.201/9 of November 2004, para. 9.

  17. 17.

    UNESCO Doc. CLT/CPD/2004/CONF.607/2 of December 2004, pp. 13–14.

  18. 18.

    UNESCO Doc. CLT-2004/CONF.201/9 of November 2004, Annex III, p. 8.

  19. 19.

    UNESCO (2005). Oral report of the Rapporteur, Mr Artur Wilczynski at the closing of the third session of the Intergovernmental Meeting of Experts on the Draft Convention on the Protection of the Diversity of Cultural Contents and Artistic Expressions. http://www.unesco.org/culture/culturaldiversity/docs_pre_2007/oral_report_wilczynski_en_03062005.pdf, p. 8.

  20. 20.

    UNESCO Doc. CLT/CPD/2005/CONF.203/6 of 3 March 2005, Appendix 1, p. 37.

  21. 21.

    Amendment to the Consolidated Text (Cape Town Draft) during the Third Meeting of the Intergovernmental Experts. Unpublished document, on file with the author.

  22. 22.

    UNESCO Doc. CLT/CPD/2004/CONF.607/2 of December 2004, p. 14.

  23. 23.

    UNESCO (2004) Communication of the European Community and its Member States to UNESCO on the preliminary draft UNESCO Convention on the protection of the diversity of cultural contents and artistic expressions, Paris, 15 November 2004. http://www.unesco.de/fileadmin/medien/Dokumente/Kultur/kkv/kv_eu_stellungnahme.pdf.

  24. 24.

    UNESCO. Convention sur la Protection et la Promotion de la Diversité des expressions Culturelles. Réunion de coordination UE des 12 et 13 mai 2005. Conclusions générales, p. 25. Unpublished document, on file with the author.

  25. 25.

    UNESCO. Convention sur la Protection et la Promotion de la Diversité des expressions Culturelles. Réunion de coordination UE des 12 et 13 mai 2005. Conclusions générales, p. 25. Unpublished document, on file with the author.

  26. 26.

    See above, Sect. 2 of this comment.

  27. 27.

    Cp. Aust, A. (2007). Modern treaty law and practice. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, p. 425.

  28. 28.

    Ruffert, M., & Walter, C. (2009). Institutionalisiertes Völkerrecht. München: C.H. Beck, pp. 104–105, N. 296.

  29. 29.

    Churchill, R. R., & Ulfstein G. (2000). Autonomous institutional arrangements in multilateral environmental agreements: a little-noticed phenomenon in international law. American Journal of International Law, 94(4), 623–659, pp. 623–626.

  30. 30.

    With the EU, one regional economic integration organization has become party to the Convention. See comment on Article 27 by Anja Eikermann/Johannes Jürging.

  31. 31.

    UNESCO Doc. CE/07/1.CP/CONF/209/Resolutions of 21 June 2007, Resolution 1.CP 4.

  32. 32.

    UNESCO Doc. CE/07/1.CP/CONF/209/10 Rev. of 16 July 2007, p. 12.

  33. 33.

    UNESCO Doc. CLT/CE/07/CP/RI.

  34. 34.

    See comment on Article 24 by Anna Steinkamp.

  35. 35.

    UNESCO Doc. CE/07/1.CP/CONF/209/3 of 9 May 2007, p. 2.

  36. 36.

    UNESCO Doc. CE/07/1.CP/CONF/209/10 Rev. of 16 July 2007, p. 7.

  37. 37.

    See below, especially Sect. 3.4.1 of this comment.

  38. 38.

    UNESCO Doc. CLT/CPD/2004/CONF.607/6 of 23 December 2004, p. 89.

  39. 39.

    See comment on Article 33 by Tina Roeder.

  40. 40.

    See below, Sects. 3.4.1 to 3.4.4 of this comment.

  41. 41.

    The International Fund for Cultural Diversity constitutes a means by which the Parties shall endeavour to support cooperation for sustainable development in order to foster the emergence of a dynamic cultural sector, especially in relation to the specific needs of developing countries, UNESCO Doc. CE/07/1.CP/CONF/209/Resolutions of 21 June 2007, Resolution 1.CP 7, para. 3. See also comment on Article 18 by Roland Bernecker.

  42. 42.

    Seidl-Hohenveldern, I., & Loibl, G. (2000). Das Recht der internationalen Organisationen einschließlich der supranationalen Gemeinschaften. Köln/Berlin/Bonn/München: Carl Heymanns Verlag, p. 168, N. 1219.

  43. 43.

    See comment on Article 33 by Tina Roeder.

  44. 44.

    See in detail, A. Aust (2007). Modern treaty law and practice. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, pp. 262–276.

  45. 45.

    UNESCO Doc. CLT/CPD/2004/CONF.607/6 of 23 December 2004, p. 90.

  46. 46.

    See comment on Article 23 by Roland Bernecker.

  47. 47.

    See also UNESCO Doc. CLT/CE/07/CP/RI of June 2007, p. 6.

  48. 48.

    See also UNESCO Doc. CE/07/1.CP/CONF/209/3 of 9 May 2007, p. 2, para. 7; the distribution among electoral groups is specified in UNESCO Doc. CE/07/1.CP/CONF/209/Resolutions of 21 June 2007, Resolution 1.CP 5A.

  49. 49.

    UNESCO Doc. CE/07/1.CP/CONF/209/Resolutions of 21 June 2007, Resolution 1.CP 5 C.

  50. 50.

    See comment on Article 8 by Lilian Richieri Hanania/Hélène Ruiz Fabri.

  51. 51.

    See comment on Article 9 by Christine M. Merkel.

  52. 52.

    See UNESCO Doc. CE/11/3.CP/209/Res. of 16 June 2011, Annex to Resolution 3.CP 7, para. 13.

  53. 53.

    UNESCO Doc. CE/11/3.CP/209/Res. of 16 June 2011, Annex to Resolution 3.CP 7, paras. 3, 14.

  54. 54.

    UNESCO Doc. CLT/CPD/2004/CONF.607/6 of 23 December 2004, p. 90.

  55. 55.

    Cp. remark by the Chairperson stating that “the Parties would certainly have the opportunity to judge which ones should be amended”, UNESCO (2009). Conference of Parties to the Convention on the Protection and Promotion of the Diversity of Cultural Expressions. Second ordinary session. Detailed summary record. 19 October 2009. http://www.unesco.org/fileadmin/MULTIMEDIA/HQ/CLT/diversity/pdf/convention_2005/CoP/Projet_de_compte_rendu_detaille_de_la_2_CP_en.pdf, p. 8, para. 54.

  56. 56.

    Churchill, R. R., & Ulfstein G. (2000). Autonomous institutional arrangements in multilateral environmental agreements: a little-noticed phenomenon in international law. American Journal of International Law, 94(4), 623–659, pp. 623–631.

  57. 57.

    Cp. Ruffert, M., & Walter, C. (2009). Institutionalisiertes Völkerrecht. München: C.H. Beck, p. 103, N. 292. On the limits of the power of creating subsidiary organs see Klabbers, J. (2002). An introduction to international institutional law. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, pp. 180 et seq.

  58. 58.

    Article 23 para. 4 lit. g CBD.

  59. 59.

    A proposed amendment giving the Conference of Parties the task “to establish such subsidiary bodies as may be useful for the efficient implementation of the Convention” (Proposal 2) and to “[draw] up working strategies for the sub-committees” (Proposal 5), did not find entry into the final text. UNESCO Doc. CLT/CPD/2004/CONF.607/6 of 23 December 2004, p. 90.

  60. 60.

    Brunnée, J. (2002). COPing with consent: law-making under multilateral environmental agreements. Leiden Journal of International Law, 15(1), 1–52, p. 51. See also Wiersema, A. (2009). The new international law-makers? Conferences of the parties to multilateral environmental agreements. Michigan Journal of International Law, 31(1), 231–287, p. 233, arguing that activities of Conferences of Parties “deepen and thicken” Parties’ primary obligations.

  61. 61.

    Werksman, J. (1996). The Conference of Parties to environmental treaties. In J. Werksman (Ed.), Greening international institutions (pp. 55–69). London: Earthscan Publications Limited, p. 64.

  62. 62.

    Churchill, R. R., & Ulfstein G. (2000). Autonomous institutional arrangements in multilateral environmental agreements: a little-noticed phenomenon in international law. American Journal of International Law, 94(4), 623–659, pp. 623–632.

  63. 63.

    See comment on Article 33 by Tina Roeder.

  64. 64.

    UNESCO Doc. CE/07/1.CP/CONF/209/Resolutions of 21 June 2007, Resolution 1.CP 3.

  65. 65.

    UNESCO Doc. CE/07/1.CP/CONF/209/Resolutions of 21 June 2007, Resolution 1.CP 5.

  66. 66.

    UNESCO Doc. CE/07/1.CP/CONF/209/Resolutions of 21 June 2007, Resolution 1.CP 7.

  67. 67.

    UNESCO Doc. CE/07/1.CP/CONF/209/Resolutions of 21 June 2007, Resolution 1.CP 6. The remaining resolutions of the first session dealt with the election of a chairperson, one or more vice-chairpersons and a rapporteur of the Conference of Parties (Resolution 1.CP 1B), the Adoption of the Agenda of the first session of the Conference of Parties (Resolution 1.CP 2), the Dates and venue of the sessions of the Conference of Parties (Resolution 1.CP 4), Distribution among electoral groups of the seats of the Intergovernmental Committee (Resolution 1.CP 5A), and the selection by lot of twelve States Members of the Intergovernmental Committee, whose term of office will be limited to two years (Resolution 1 CP 5 C).

  68. 68.

    UNESCO (2009). Conference of Parties to the Convention on the Protection and Promotion of the Diversity of Cultural Expressions. Second ordinary session. Detailed summary record. 19 October 2009. http://www.unesco.org/fileadmin/MULTIMEDIA/HQ/CLT/diversity/pdf/convention_2005/CoP/Projet_de_compte_rendu_detaille_de_la_2_CP_en.pdf, pp. 8–13, paras. 52–105. The guidelines draw upon existing UNESCO documents as well as other documents especially prepared for the Intergovernmental Committee: UNESCO Doc. CE/08/1.EXT.IGC/INF. 2 of 2 April 2008; UNESCO Doc. CE/08/1.EXT.IGC/INF.3 of 14 April 2008; UNESCO Doc. CE/08/1.EXT.IGC/INF.4 of 15 April 2008; UNESCO Doc. CE/08/1.EXT.IGC/INF.5 of 5 May 2008; UNESCO Doc. CE/08/1.EXT.IGC/INF.6A of 17 April 2008; UNESCO Doc. CE/08/1.EXT.IGC/INF.6B of 17 April 2008.

  69. 69.

    UNESCO Doc. CE/09/2.CP/210/Res. of 17 June 2009, Resolution 2.CP 7, para. 4.

  70. 70.

    UNESCO Doc. CE/09/2.CP/210/Res. of 17 June 2009, Resolution 2.CP 7, para. 6.

  71. 71.

    UNESCO Doc. CE/09/2.CP/210/Res. of 17 June 2009, Resolution 2.CP 7, para. 7.

  72. 72.

    UNESCO Doc. CE/09/2.CP/210/Res. of 17 June 2009, Resolution 2.CP 5.

  73. 73.

    UNESCO Doc. CE/09/2.CP/210/Res. of 17 June 2009, Resolution 2.CP 6.

  74. 74.

    UNESCO Doc. CE/09/2.CP/210/Res. of 17 June 2009, Resolution 2.CP 8.

  75. 75.

    UNESCO Doc. CE/11/3.CP/209/Res. of 16 June 2011, Resolution 3.CP 7.

  76. 76.

    UNESCO Doc. CE/11/3.CP/209/Res. of 16 June 2011, Resolution 3.CP 10; the Conference of Parties also approved a framework for reporting as part of the Operational Guidelines on Article 9.

  77. 77.

    UNESCO Doc. CE/11/3.CP/209/Res. of 16 June 2011, Resolution 3.CP 8.

  78. 78.

    UNESCO Doc. CE/11/3.CP/209/Res. of 16 June 2011, Resolution 3.CP 9.

  79. 79.

    See also comment on Article 21 by Peter-Tobias Stoll.

  80. 80.

    UNESCO Doc. CE/11/3.CP/209/Res. of 16 June 2011, Resolution 3.CP 11.

  81. 81.

    UNESCO Doc. CE/11/3.CP/209/Res. of 16 June 2011, Resolution 3.CP 12.

  82. 82.

    See comment on Article 23 by Roland Bernecker.

  83. 83.

    See Churchill, R. R., & Ulfstein G. (2000). Autonomous institutional arrangements in multilateral environmental agreements: a little-noticed phenomenon in international law. American Journal of International Law, 94(4), 623–659; Wiersema, A. (2009). The new international law-makers? Conferences of the parties to multilateral environmental agreements. Michigan Journal of International Law, 31(1), 231–287; Brunnée, J. (2002). COPing with consent: law-making under multilateral environmental agreements. Leiden Journal of International Law, 15(1), 1–52.

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  1. Technische Universität Dresden, Rißweg 27, 01324, Dresden, Germany

    Sylvia Maus

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    Sabine von Schorlemer

  2. , Institute of for International Law, Georg August University of Göttingen, Platz der Göttinger Sieben 5, Göttingen, 37073, Germany

    Peter-Tobias Stoll

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Maus, S. (2012). Article 22: Conference of Parties. In: von Schorlemer, S., Stoll, PT. (eds) The UNESCO Convention on the Protection and Promotion of the Diversity of Cultural Expressions. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-25995-1_24

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