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Article 9: Information Sharing and Transparency

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The UNESCO Convention on the Protection and Promotion of the Diversity of Cultural Expressions

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Abstract

Article 9 is a key article for the implementation of the CCD. It is directly linked to the main objectives of the Convention, namely, to encourage governments to introduce cultural policies and measures for diversity that address the different stages in the value chain of cultural expressions, from creation, production, and distribution, to access and enjoyment. Specific attention will be given to cultural policy measures that protect and promote diversity (Arts 6, 7 and 8) and projects of cooperation and innovative partnerships that reflect the spirit of the Convention (Arts 12, 13, 15 and 16).

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Notes

  1. 1.

    See also the comment on Article 19 by Christine M. Merkel.

  2. 2.

    For further details, see comment on Article 28 by Christine M. Merkel.

  3. 3.

    For a link to the SAGIT Draft, see Annex of this Commentary.

  4. 4.

    For a link to the INCP Draft (as published in July 2003), see Annex of this Commentary. The INCP was initiated as a global ministerial network in the follow-up to the Stockholm Conference on Culture and Development (1998). It has been meeting annually since, involving 60 countries. INCP created a horizontal and informal platform for peer consultation among ministers and senior officials of ministries of culture for the first time, inviting international NGOs to its consultations where appropriate.

  5. 5.

    SAGIT Draft, p. 1. For a link to this Draft, see Annex of this Commentary.

  6. 6.

    SAGIT Draft, p. 9. For a link to this Draft, see Annex of this Commentary.

  7. 7.

    SAGIT Draft, pp. 11 et seq. For a link to this Draft, see Annex of this Commentary.

  8. 8.

    SAGIT Draft, pp. 13 et seq. For a link to this Draft, see Annex of this Commentary.

  9. 9.

    INCD Draft, p. 4. For a link to this Draft, see Annex of this Commentary.

  10. 10.

    INCP Draft, p. 5. For a link to this Draft, see Annex to this Commentary.

  11. 11.

    INCP Draft, p. 29. For a link to this Draft, see Annex of this Commentary.

  12. 12.

    See UNESCO Doc. CLT-2002/WS/9 of 2002, p. 15.

  13. 13.

    See UNESCO Doc. 166 EX/28 of 12 March 2003.

  14. 14.

    See http://portal.unesco.org/en/ev.php-URL_ID=15244&URL_DO=DO_TOPIC&URL_SECTION= 201.html.

  15. 15.

    See UNESCO Doc. 166 EX/Decisions of 14 May 2003, p. 39.

  16. 16.

    UNESCO Doc. CLT/CPD/2003-608/01 of 20 February 2004, p. 3.

  17. 17.

    UNESCO Doc. CLT/CPD/2004/602/6 of 14 May 2004, p. 5.

  18. 18.

    UNESCO Doc. CLT/CPD/2004/602/6 of 14 May 2004, p. 7.

  19. 19.

    UNESCO Doc. CLT/CPD/2004/602/6 of 14 May 2004, p. 7.

  20. 20.

    UNDP (2004). Human Development Report 2004. Cultural liberty in today’s diverse world. http://hdr.undp.org/en/media/hdr04_complete.pdf.

  21. 21.

    See in detail the comment on Article 19 by Christine M. Merkel.

  22. 22.

    UNESCO Doc. CLT/CPD/2004/602/6 of 14 May 2004, p. 9.

  23. 23.

    UNESCO Doc. CLT/CPD/2004/603/5 of 23 June 2004, pp. 3 et seq.

  24. 24.

    UNESCO Doc. CLT/CPD/2004/603/5 of 23 June 2004, p. 4.

  25. 25.

    UNESCO Doc. CLT/CPD/2004/603/5 of 23 June 2004, p. 11.

  26. 26.

    UNESCO Doc. CLT/CPD/2004/603/5 of 23 June 2004, p. 7. (Emphasis added.)

  27. 27.

    UNESCO Doc. CLT/CPD/2004/CONF-201/2 of July 2004 and UNESCO Doc. CLT/CPD/2004/CONF.201/1 of July 2004.

  28. 28.

    UNESCO Doc. CLT/CPD/2004/CONF-201/2 of July 2004, p. 3.

  29. 29.

    UNESCO Doc. CLT/CPD/2004/CONF-201/2 of July 2004, p. 3.

  30. 30.

    UNESCO Doc. CLT/CPD/2004/CONF-201/2 of July 2004, p. 5.

  31. 31.

    UNESCO Doc. CLT/CPD/2004/CONF-201/2 of July 2004, p. 7.

  32. 32.

    For a link to this Draft, see Annex of this Commentary.

  33. 33.

    For further details, see the comment on Article 28 by Christine M. Merkel.

  34. 34.

    UNESCO Doc. CLT/CPD/2004/CONF-201/2 of July 2004, p. 8.

  35. 35.

    UNESCO Doc. CLT/CPD/2004/CONF-201/2 of July 2004, p. 12.

  36. 36.

    UNESCO Doc. CLT/CPD/2004/CONF-201/2 of July 2004, pp. 10 et seq.

  37. 37.

    UNESCO Doc. CLT/CPD/2004/CONF-201/2 of July 2004, p. 3.

  38. 38.

    UNESCO Doc. CLT/CPD/2004/CONF-201/2 of July 2004, p. 6.

  39. 39.

    The submitted comments and proposed amendments are contained in the partly published UNESCO Doc. CLT/CPD/2004/CONF.607/1 of December 2004.

  40. 40.

    UNESCO Doc. CLT-2004/CONF.201/9 of November 2004, p. 3.

  41. 41.

    UNESCO Doc. CLT/CPD/2004/CONF.607/2 of December 2004, a 16 page summary and 400 page full compilation of all contributions; NB: the Member States of the European Community (EC) together with Romania and Croatia submitted a joint contribution which consisted of comments without specific proposals for amendments.

  42. 42.

    See UNESCO Doc. CLT/CPD/2004/CONF.607/2 of December 2004, p. 14.

  43. 43.

    See UNESCO Doc. CLT/CPD/2004/CONF.607/2 of December 2004, p. 5.

  44. 44.

    See UNESCO Doc. CLT/CPD/2004/CONF.607/2 of December 2004, p. 7.

  45. 45.

    See UNESCO Doc. CLT/CPD/2004/CONF.607/2 of December 2004, p. 7.

  46. 46.

    See UNESCO Doc. CLT/CPD/2004/CONF.607/2 of December 2004, p. 9.

  47. 47.

    See UNESCO Doc. CLT/CPD/2004/CONF.607/2 of December 2004, p. 10.

  48. 48.

    See UNESCO Doc. CLT/CPD/2004/CONF.607/6 of 23 December 2004, p. 35.

  49. 49.

    See UNESCO Doc. CLT/CPD/2004/CONF.607/6 of 23 December 2004, pp. 34 et seq.

  50. 50.

    See UNESCO Doc. CLT/CPD/2004/CONF.607/6 of 23 December 2004, pp. 65 et seq.

  51. 51.

    See UNESCO Doc. CLT/CPD/2004/CONF.607/6 of 23 December 2004, p. 65.

  52. 52.

    See UNESCO Doc. CLT/CPD/2004/CONF.607/6 of 23 December 2004, p. 66.

  53. 53.

    See UNESCO Doc. CLT/CPD/2004/CONF.607/6 of 23 December 2004, p. 67.

  54. 54.

    See comment on Article 6 by Ivan Bernier.

  55. 55.

    See UNESCO Doc. CLT/CPD/2004/CONF.607/6 of 23 December 2004, p. 67.

  56. 56.

    See UNESCO Doc. CLT/CPD/2005/CONF.203/6—Add. of 29 April 2005.

  57. 57.

    See UNESCO Doc. CLT/CPD/2005/CONF.203/6—Add. of 29 April 2005, p. 1.

  58. 58.

    Compare UNESCO Doc. 171EX/44 of 17 March 2005; and UNESCO Doc. 171 EX/INF.18 of 21 April 2005.

  59. 59.

    UNESCO Doc. CLT/CPD/2005/CONF.203/6—Add. of 29 April 2005, p. 11.

  60. 60.

    Draft Convention on the Protection and Promotion of the Diversity of Cultural Expressions, version of 3rd June 2005, p. 5. Unpublished document, on file with the author.

  61. 61.

    UNESCO Doc. 33 C/23 of 4 August 2005, p. 14.

  62. 62.

    UNESCO Doc. CE/09/2.CP/210/Res. of 17 June 2009, p. 4.

  63. 63.

    UNESCO Doc. CE/11/3.CP/209/7 of 19 January 2011, pp. 7–8 and Annex, pp. 9–16.

  64. 64.

    UNESCO Doc. CE/11/3.CP/209/Res. of 16 June 2011, Resolutions 3.CP 7 and 3.CP 10.

  65. 65.

    Compare UNESCO Doc. CE/11/3.CP/209/Res. of 16 June 2011, Annex to Resolution 3.CP 7, p. 11, Paras 2–5.

  66. 66.

    UNESCO Doc. CE/11/3.CP/209/Res. of 16 June 2011, Resolution 3.CP 10.

  67. 67.

    For a link to this Draft, see Annex of this Commentary.

  68. 68.

    UNESCO Doc. CLT/CPD/2004/CONF-201/2 of July 2004, p. 7.

  69. 69.

    See also, Blake, J. (2006). Commentary on the UNESCO 2003 Convention on the Safeguarding of the Intangible Cultural Heritage. Leicester: Institute of Art and Law, pp. 116 et seq.

  70. 70.

    UNESCO Doc. CLT/CPD/2004/CONF-201/2 of July 2004, p. 7. (Emphasis added.)

  71. 71.

    UNESCO Doc. CLT/CPD/2004/CONF-201/2 of July 2004, p. 7. (Emphasis added.)

  72. 72.

    UNESCO Doc. CE/11/3.CP/209/Res. of 16 June 2011, Annex to Resolution 3.CP 7, pp. 13 et seq.

  73. 73.

    UNESCO Doc. CE/11/3.CP/209/Res. of 16 June 2011, Annex to Resolution 3.CP 7, pp. 14–16. (Emphasis omitted.)

  74. 74.

    See comment on Article 6 by Ivan Bernier.

  75. 75.

    UNESCO Doc. CLT/CPD/2004/CONF-201/2 of July 2004, p. 7. (Emphasis added.)

  76. 76.

    See comment on Article 28 by Christine M. Merkel.

  77. 77.

    For a link to this Draft, see Annex of this Commentary.

  78. 78.

    UNESCO Doc. CLT/CPD/2004/CONF-201/2 of July 2004, p. 7.

  79. 79.

    Compare Secretariat of the Convention on Biological Diversity (2009). Role of the CBD National Focal Points. Module A-2. Version 2—February 2009. http://www.cbd.int/doc/training/nbsap/a2-train-role-nfp-v2-2009-02-en.pdf.

  80. 80.

    See comment on Article 19 by Christine M. Merkel.

  81. 81.

    See comment on Article 19 by Christine M. Merkel.

  82. 82.

    See comment on Article 19 by Christine M. Merkel.

  83. 83.

    Note on the use of the EC/EU terminology: The European Community (EC) became a Party to the CCD in December 2006. Since the Lisbon Treaty entered into force on 1 December 2009, the EC no longer exists as a legal entity. As of 1 December 2009, the EU gained legal personality and has become the legal successor of the EC. Hence the use of “EC” and “EU” in relation to the CCD process. For further details, see comment on Article 27 (para. 3) by Anja Eikermann / Johannes Jürging.

  84. 84.

    Compare Declaration of the EC in application of Article 27 (3) (c) of the Convention on the Protection and Promotion of the Diversity of Cultural Expressions and the unilateral declaration on behalf of the Community in connection with deposition of the instrument of accession on 18 December 2006.

  85. 85.

    European Parliament Policy Department B: Structural and Cohesion Policies (Ed.) (2010). Implementing the UNESCO Convention of 2005 in the European Union. Study. http://www.diversitystudy.eu/ms/ep_study_long_version_20_nov_2010_final.pdf, p. 265.

  86. 86.

    Draft Operational Guidelines on Article 9 and 19 were adopted by the Intergovernmental Committee in November/December 2010: UNESCO Doc. CE/10/4.IGC/205/Dec. of 10 December 2010, Annex to Decision 4.IGC 7, pp. 4–13; the Third Conference of Parties examined and adopted these Operational Guidelines, see UNESCO Doc. CE/11/3.CP/209/Res. of 16 June 2011, Resolution 3.CP 7.

  87. 87.

    In June 2009, the Second Conference of Parties adopted Operational Guidelines on the measures to promote and protect cultural expressions (Arts 7, 8 and 17), participation of civil society (Art. 11), integration of culture in sustainable development (Art. 13), Cooperation for Development (Art. 14), collaborative arrangements (Art. 15), Preferential treatment for developing countries (Art. 16) and on use of the resources of the IFCD (Art. 18). For links to these Guidelines, see Annex of this Commentary.

  88. 88.

    UNESCO Doc. CE/09/3.IGC/211/Dec. of 10 December 2009.

  89. 89.

    This section of the text draws extensively on ideas offered on Articles 9 and 19 in the International Federation of Arts Councils and Culture Agencies (IFACCA) briefing note for national arts funding agencies on the CCD. Cf. ERICarts Institute (2010). IFACCA briefing note for national arts funding agencies: UNESCO Convention on the Protection and Promotion of the Diversity of Cultural Expressions. International Federation of Arts Councils and Culture Agencies (IFACCA). http://media.ifacca.org/files/BriefingnoteEN.pdf, pp. 13 et seq.

  90. 90.

    UNESCO Doc. CE/09/3.IGC/211/Dec. of 10 December 2009, Decision 3.IGC 4.

  91. 91.

    UNESCO Doc. CE/09/3.IGC/211/Dec. of 10 December 2009, Decision 3.IGC 6.

  92. 92.

    See also, comment on Article 28 by Christine M. Merkel.

  93. 93.

    UNESCO (2010). Intergovernmental Committee for the Protection and Promotion of the Diversity of Cultural Expressions. Third Ordinary Session. Detailed draft summary record. http://www.unesco.org/fileadmin/MULTIMEDIA/HQ/CLT/diversity/pdf/convention_2005/3_ORD_IGC_en.pdf, p. 19; UNESCO Doc. CE/09/3.IGC/211/INF6.

  94. 94.

    For example, the German Commission for UNESCO serves as the national point of contact for Germany. Cf. German Commission for UNESCO (2008). Deutsche UNESCO-Kommission als nationale Kontaktstelle für das UNESCO-Übereinkommen über den Schutz und die Förderung der Vielfalt kultureller Ausdrucksformen (2005). Konzeption und Arbeitsplan 2007–2011. Version 3.0. Juli 2008. http://www.unesco.de/fileadmin/medien/Dokumente/Kultur/kkv/080725_Version_3_O_Konzept_Kontaktstelle_u_BuWeite_Koalition_2007-2011_rev2.pdf.

  95. 95.

    UNESCO Doc. CE/09/3.IGC/211/Dec. of 10 December 2009, p. 10.

  96. 96.

    For further information on the U40 project, see http://www.unesco.de/3201.html?&L=1.

  97. 97.

    UNESCO (2010). Intergovernmental Committee for the Protection and Promotion of the Diversity of Cultural Expressions. Third Ordinary Session. Detailed draft summary record. http://www.unesco.org/fileadmin/MULTIMEDIA/HQ/CLT/diversity/pdf/convention_2005/3_ORD_IGC_en.pdf, pp. 19 et seq.

  98. 98.

    See above, Sect. 3.1.6 of this comment.

  99. 99.

    For a link to these Guidelines, see Annex of this Commentary.

  100. 100.

    See UNESCO Doc. CE/11/3.CP/209/Res. of 16 June 2011, Annex to Resolution 3.CP 7, p. 17.

  101. 101.

    UNESCO (2009). Conference of Parties to the Convention on the Protection and Promotion of the Diversity of Cultural Expressions. Second Ordinary Session. Detailed summary record. http://www.unesco.org/culture/culturaldiversity/Projet_de_compte_rendu_detaille_de_la_2_CP_en.pdf, pp. 3, 5 et seq.; note that both the Rules of Procedure for the Conference of Parties (UNESCO Doc. CE/07/1.CP/CONF/209/Resolutions of 21 June 2007, Resolution 1.CP 3, Rule 4 lit. d) and for the Intergovernmental Committee (UNESCO Doc. CE/07/1.IGC/RI of 21 December 2007, Rule 8 lits d and e) allow for inclusion in the Provisional Agenda of any question proposed by Parties to the Convention.

  102. 102.

    UNESCO (2009). Conference of Parties to the Convention on the Protection and Promotion of the Diversity of Cultural Expressions. Second Ordinary Session. Detailed summary record. http://www.unesco.org/culture/culturaldiversity/Projet_de_compte_rendu_detaille_de_la_2_CP_en.pdf, p. 6.

  103. 103.

    On this subject see also, German Commission for UNESCO (2010). Shaping cultural diversity. Recommendations for action from civil society for the implementation in and by Germany of the UNESCO Convention on the Diversity of Cultural Expressions (2005). White paper. http://www.unesco.de/3938.html?&L=1.

  104. 104.

    Compare ERICarts Institute (2010). IFACCA briefing note for national arts funding agencies: UNESCO Convention on the Protection and Promotion of the Diversity of Cultural Expressions. International Federation of Arts Councils and Culture Agencies (IFACCA). http://media.ifacca.org/files/BriefingnoteEN.pdf, p. 7.

  105. 105.

    See the above Sect. 2.1 of this comment.

  106. 106.

    For a link to this Draft, see Annex of this Commentary.

  107. 107.

    See the above Sect. 2.3 of this comment.

  108. 108.

    UNESCO Doc. CLT/CPD/2004/603/5 of 23 June 2004, p. 10. (Emphasis added.)

  109. 109.

    Compare the keynote address by Professor Asmal at the Essen/RUHR.2010 Conference on 27 April 2007: Asmal, K. (2007). A risk analysis of cultural diversity. Priorities for governments and civil society – Flight of the flamingos. In C. M. Merkel, & A. Steinkamp (Eds), Cultural diversity – Our common wealth: the Essen/RUHR.2010 Bellini manual on prospects of cultural diversity (pp. 31–38). Bonn: German Commission for UNESCO.

  110. 110.

    UNESCO Doc. CLT/CPD/2004/CONF-201/2 of July 2004, p. 7.

  111. 111.

    UNESCO Doc. CLT/CPD/2004/CONF.201/1 of July 2004, p 4. (Emphasis added.)

  112. 112.

    UNESCO Doc. CLT/CPD/2004/CONF.201/1 of July 2004, p 4. (Emphasis added.)

  113. 113.

    UNESCO Doc. CLT/CPD/2004/CONF.201/1 of July 2004, p 4.

  114. 114.

    See the above Sect. 2.4 of this comment.

  115. 115.

    For a link to this Draft, see Annex of this Commentary.

  116. 116.

    UNESCO Doc. CLT/CPD/2004/CONF-201/2 of July 2004, p. 7.

  117. 117.

    For links to these Drafts, see Annex of this Commentary.

  118. 118.

    UNESCO Doc. CLT/CPD/2004/CONF-201/2 of July 2004, p. 7.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Deutsche UNESCO-Kommission e.V., Colmantstr. 15, 53115, Bonn, Germany

    Christine M. Merkel

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  1. Riemannstraße 35, Leipzig, 04107, Sachsen, Germany

    Sabine von Schorlemer

  2. , Institute of for International Law, Georg August University of Göttingen, Platz der Göttinger Sieben 5, Göttingen, 37073, Germany

    Peter-Tobias Stoll

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Merkel, C.M. (2012). Article 9: Information Sharing and Transparency. In: von Schorlemer, S., Stoll, PT. (eds) The UNESCO Convention on the Protection and Promotion of the Diversity of Cultural Expressions. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-25995-1_11

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