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Maternal Diabesity and Developmental Programming in the Offspring

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Maternal Obesity and Pregnancy

Abstract

During recent years, evidence from epidemiological and experimental studies has accumulated for the existence of a perinatal programming of increased health risks due to exposure to maternal diabetes/obesity (“diabesity”) during pregnancy. Studies in offspring of mothers with various forms of hyperglycaemia during pregnancy (gestational diabetes, type 1 diabetes, type 2 diabetes) have demonstrated an increased risk of developing overweight and diabetogenic disturbances during later life. In animal models of diabetes during pregnancy, an altered morphology and function of hypothalamic nuclei involved in the long-term regulation of food intake, body weight, and metabolism has been demonstrated in the offspring, as well as the potential to prevent these alterations by normalization of maternal glycaemia. Similar risks have been shown to occur in offspring of women with obesity during pregnancy, accomplished by animal research in offspring of rat dams with diet-induced obesity, which proved a causal role of exposure to gestational obesity for long-term alterations in the progeny. Women should be advised already before pregnancy is planned to avoid overweight and excessive weight gain during pregnancy. Overweight or obese women, respectively, should try to lose weight already before conception to start their pregnancy with normal weight. Screening for and therapy of gestational diabetes should be performed in all pregnant women. Such measures of primary prevention may help to interrupt an intergenerative vicious circle which might substantially contribute to the current obesity epidemic.

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Acknowledgment

Underlying studies were supported by the German Research Foundation (DFG; grants no. PL 241/3, 241/4, 241/5) and by the German Federal Ministry for Food, Agriculture and Consumer Protection (grant no. 05HS038). Elke Rodekamp, MD, is acknowledged for editorial assistance.

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  1. Clinic of Obstetrics, Division of ‘Experimental Obstetrics’, Charité – University Medicine Berlin, Campus Virchow-Klinikum, Augustenburger Platz 1, 13353, Berlin, Germany

    Thomas Harder M.D., Joachim W. Dudenhausen M.D., MScE & Andreas Plagemann M.D.

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  1. Thomas Harder M.D.
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  2. Joachim W. Dudenhausen M.D., MScE
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  3. Andreas Plagemann M.D.
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Correspondence to Andreas Plagemann M.D. .

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  1. , Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Aarhus University Hospital, Skejby, Brendstrupgaardsvej 1, Aarhus N, 8200, Denmark

    Per Glud Ovesen

  2. , Department of Endocrinology, Odense University Hospital, Kløvervænget 6, Odense C, 5000, Denmark

    Dorte Møller Jensen

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Harder, T., Dudenhausen, J.W., Plagemann, A. (2012). Maternal Diabesity and Developmental Programming in the Offspring. In: Ovesen, P., Møller Jensen, D. (eds) Maternal Obesity and Pregnancy. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-25023-1_9

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