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Decision Making with Imperfect Decision Makers pp 159–194Cite as

Neuroheuristics of Decision Making: From Neuronal Activity to EEG

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Part of the book series: Intelligent Systems Reference Library ((ISRL,volume 28))

Abstract

Neuroheuristics, or Neuristics, is a term issued from the Greek terms neuron (nerve) and heuriskein (to find, to discover). It refers to that branch of Science aimed at exploring the Neurosciences through an ongoing process continuously renewed at each successive step of its advancement towards understanding the brain in its entirety. This chapter presents a neuroheuristic approach to the decision making process, firstly in an animal experiment, in an attempt to investigate the basic processes away from an anthropological perspective, and secondly in a classical neuroeconomic paradigm, the Ultimatum Game (UG). Multiple electrodes for multiple neuronal recordings were chronically implanted in cerebral cortical areas of freely-moving rats trained in a response choice task. Invariant preferred firing sequences appeared in association with the response predicted by the subject or in association with specific errors of decision. We recorded EEG and analyzed event-related potentials of subjects in a two conditions variant of UG where human players acted either as proposers with computer-controlled virtual partners or as responders to offers made by a virtual proposer. A proposer, in contrast to a responder, has to store the future proposed value in short-term memory and engage retrieval processes after getting the responder’s reaction. Our EEG results support the hypothesis that while playing the role of proposers human subjects engage in a specific retrieval process while performing UG.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Neuroheuristic Research Group, Department of Information Science, and LABEX, Faculty of Business and Economics, University of Lausanne, Switzerland

    Alessandro E. P. Villa, Pascal Missonnier & Alessandra Lintas

  2. INSERM U836; Grenoble Institute of Neuroscience, Université Joseph Fourier, Eq7 Nanomédecine et Cerveau, Grenoble, France

    Alessandro E. P. Villa

  3. Division of General Psychiatry, Department of Psychiatry, University Hospitals of Geneva, Switzerland

    Pascal Missonnier

  4. Department of Medicine, Unit of Anatomy, University of Fribourg, Switzerland

    Alessandra Lintas

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  3. Intelligent Systems Division Ames Research Center, NASA, Mail Stop 269-1, 94035, Moffett Field, CA, USA

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Villa, A.E.P., Missonnier, P., Lintas, A. (2012). Neuroheuristics of Decision Making: From Neuronal Activity to EEG. In: Guy, T.V., Kárný, M., Wolpert, D.H. (eds) Decision Making with Imperfect Decision Makers. Intelligent Systems Reference Library, vol 28. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-24647-0_7

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