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Femtosecond Laser Micromachining pp 43–65Cite as

Spectroscopic Characterization of Waveguides

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Part of the book series: Topics in Applied Physics ((TAP,volume 123))

Abstract

Since the first experiments on femtosecond laser waveguide writing the question on which mechanisms are responsible for the refractive index change immediately arose. Several efforts have been made in that direction but no conclusive answer has been achieved yet. In fact, it has been observed that several factors determine the actual mechanism dominating the refractive index change, such as the irradiation conditions and the material composition. Understanding the materials change at the microscopic level is however important in terms of optimization of both the fs-laser processing conditions and the material composition. It also can provide more detailed insight into the physical mechanisms involved in the fs-laser modification process to enhance its capabilities. Confocal fluorescence and Raman spectroscopy are powerful tools to investigate the material structure. This chapter will review the results obtained by using these techniques to characterize fs-laser induced structural changes in glass. The focus will be on structures related to waveguides and refractive index changes, since this has been the most active research area of fs-laser processing in glass to date.

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Acknowledgements

The author would like to thank James Chan, Luke Fletcher, Wilbur Reichman, and Jon Witcher for their contributions to this chapter. The author acknowledges financial support from the National Science Foundation under Grant No. DMR-0801786.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Applied Science, University of California Davis, 1 Shields Ave, Davis, CA, 95616, USA

    Denise M. Krol

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  1. Denise M. Krol
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Correspondence to Denise M. Krol .

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  1. , IFN-CNR, Politecnico di Milano, P.zza L. da Vinci 32, Milano, 20133, Italy

    Roberto Osellame

  2. , Department of Physics, Politecnico di Milano, Piazza Leonardo da Vinci 32, Milano, 20133, Italy

    Giulio Cerullo

  3. , Department of Physics, Politecnico di Milano, P.zza L. Da Vinci 32, Milano, 20133, Italy

    Roberta Ramponi

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Krol, D.M. (2012). Spectroscopic Characterization of Waveguides. In: Osellame, R., Cerullo, G., Ramponi, R. (eds) Femtosecond Laser Micromachining. Topics in Applied Physics, vol 123. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-23366-1_3

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-23366-1_3

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