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The Mycobiota of the Salterns

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Biology of Marine Fungi

Part of the book series: Progress in Molecular and Subcellular Biology ((MMB,volume 53))

Abstract

Solar salterns are constructed as shallow multi-pond systems for the production of halite through evaporation of seawater. The main feature of salterns is the discontinuous salinity gradient that provides a range of well-defined habitats with increasing salinities, from moderate to hypersaline. These present one of the most extreme environments, because of the low levels of biologically available water and the toxic concentrations of ions. Up to the year 2000, hypersaline environments were considered to be populated almost exclusively by prokaryotic microorganisms till fungi were reported to be active inhabitants of solar salterns. Since then, numerous fungal species have been described in hypersaline waters around the world. The mycobiota of salterns is represented by different species of the genus Cladosporium and the related meristematic melanized black yeasts, of non-melanized yeasts, of the filamentous genera Penicillium and Aspergillus and their teleomorphic forms (Eurotium and Emericella), and of the basidiomycetous genus Wallemia. Among these, two species became new model organisms for studying the mechanisms of extreme salt tolerance: the extremely halotolerant ascomycetous black yeast Hortaea werneckii and the obligate halophilic basidiomycete Wallemia ichthyophaga.

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Acknowledgments

The scientific studies integral to this report were financed partly through the “Centre of Excellence for Integrated Approaches in Chemistry and Biology of Proteins” (No. OP13.1.1.2.02.0005) of the European Regional Development (30%), partly by the Slovenian Ministry of Higher Education, Science and Technology (35%), and partly by the Slovenian Research Agency (35%).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Biology Department, University of Ljubljana, Večna pot 111, Ljubljana, SI-1000, Slovenia

    Janja Zajc, Polona Zalar & Nina Gunde-Cimerman

  2. Biology Department, University of Ljubljana, Vrazov, Trg 2, Ljubljana, SI-1000, Slovenia

    Ana Plemenitaš

  3. Centre of Excellence for Integrated Approaches in Chemistry and Biology of Proteins (CIPKeBiP), Jamova 39, Ljubljana, SI-1000, Slovenia

    Nina Gunde-Cimerman

Authors
  1. Janja Zajc
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  2. Polona Zalar
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  3. Ana Plemenitaš
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  4. Nina Gunde-Cimerman
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Corresponding author

Correspondence to Nina Gunde-Cimerman .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. , Marine Biotechnology Laboratory, National Institute of Oceanography, Dona Paula, Panjim, 403004, India

    Chandralata Raghukumar

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© 2012 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg

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Zajc, J., Zalar, P., Plemenitaš, A., Gunde-Cimerman, N. (2012). The Mycobiota of the Salterns. In: Raghukumar, C. (eds) Biology of Marine Fungi. Progress in Molecular and Subcellular Biology(), vol 53. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-23342-5_7

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